بررسی فرآیند سرخ ‌کردن در خلا برش‌ های گوجه‌ فرنگی و تعیین شرایط بهینه

نویسندگان
1 گروه صنایع غذایی و تبدیلی، پژوهشکده فناوری‌های شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران
2 دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات
3 گروه صنایع غذایی و تبدیلی، پژوهشکده فناوری‌های شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران.
چکیده
گوجه‏فرنگی به دلیل ارزش تغذیه‏ای بالا و هم‏چنین ویژگی‏های حسی منحصربفرد به طور گسترده در سطح جهان تولید و مصرف می‏گردد. فسادپذیری بالا و ماندگاری پایین گوجه‏فرنگی، بکارگیری روش‏های نوین فرآوری را الزامی می‏سازند. در این تحقیق، امکان استفاده از روش سرخ‏کردن در خلا در فرآوری برش­های گوجه‏فرنگی، تاثیر متغیرهای فرآیند (زمان فرآوری، دمای روغن و فشار درون محفظه) بر برخی ویژگی­های کیفی محصول نهایی (محتوی رطوبت و چربی، چروکیدگی، اسید آسکوربیک، رنگ و تردی بافت) و هم‏چنین تعیین شرایط بهینه فرآوری در یک سیستم سرخ‏کن تحت خلا آزمایشگاهی با قابلیت کنترل دقیق شرایط فرآیند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا با انجام پیش آزمایش‏ها، محدوده متغیر­های مورد بررسی شامل دمای سرخ‏کردن (115 تا 135 درجه سانتی­گراد)، فشار درون محفظه (260 تا340 میلی‏بار) و زمان فرآیند (15 تا 25 دقیقه) تعیین شد. یافته‏های تحقیق نشان دادند که دمای فرآیند بر ویژگی‏های محتوی رطوبت، چروکیدگی، محتوی چربی، میزان اسید آسکوربیک و تردی بافت، اثرات معنی‏داری (P≤0/05) دارد به گونه‏ای که با افزایش دما، محتوی رطوبت و میزان آسکوربیک اسید، کاهش و چروکیدگی، محتوی چربی و تردی بافت، افزایش می‏یابند. زمان فرآوری اثرات معنی‏داری (P≤0/05) بر ویژگی‏های محتوی رطوبت، چروکیدگی، محتوی چربی و تردی بافت، نشان داد به گونه‏ای که با افزایش زمان فرآیند، محتوی رطوبت کاهش و چروکیدگی، محتوی چربی و تردی بافت، افزایش یافت. فشار در محدوده تحت بررسی تنها بر ویژگی‏های چروکیدگی و تغییرات کلی رنگ اثرات معنی‏داری (P≤0/05) داشت. افزایش فشار درون محفظه منجر به کاهش چروکیدگی و افزایش تغییرات کلی رنگ گردید. شرایط بهینه سرخ‏کردن در خلا برش‏های گوجه‏فرنگی تعیین شده شامل دمای 135 درجه سانتی­گراد، زمان 92/21 دقیقه و فشار 260 میلی‏بار بود که در این شرایط محتوی رطوبت 93/45 درصد، چروکیدگی 54/70 درصد، محتوی چربی 64/34 درصد، میزان اسید آسکوربیک 92/2 میلی‏گرم در 100 میلی‏لیتر، تغییرات کلی رنگ 86/64 و نیروی شکست 58/2 نیوتن، بودند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Study of vacuum frying process of tomato slices and determination of optimal conditions

نویسندگان English

علیرضا Basiri 1
Nasrin Hasanipar 2
Babak Ghiassi Tarzi 2
Sahra Farhadi 3
1 Department of Food Science and processing, Iranian Research Organization for science and technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Food Science and processing, Iranian Research Organization for science and technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Tomatoes are widely produced and consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value as well as unique sensory properties. The high perishability and low shelf life of tomatoes necessitate the use of modern processing methods. In this research, the possibility of using vacuum frying technology in the processing of tomato slices, the effect of process variables (processing time, oil temperature and pressure inside the chamber) on some quality characteristics of the final product (moisture and fat content, Shrinkage, ascorbic acid, color and texture brittleness) as well as determining the optimal processing conditions in a vacuum lab-scale frying system with precise control of process conditions were investigated. Initially, by performing pre-tests, the range of variables of the study included frying temperature, pressure inside the chamber and process time was determined. The results of study showed that the process temperature has significant effects on the moisture content, shrinkage, fat content, ascorbic acid content and texture brittleness, so that with increasing temperature, the content Moisture and ascorbic acid content decrease and shrinkage, fat content and tissue brittleness increase. Processing time showed significant effects on the moisture content, shrinkage, fat content and texture brittleness, so that with increasing process time, the moisture content decreased and shrinkage, the fat content and texture brittleness, increased. Pressure of the study area had significant effects only on shrinkage and total color change characteristics. Increasing the pressure inside the chamber led to a reduction in shrinkage and an increase in total color changes. Optimum vacuum frying conditions of tomato slices were a temperature of 135°C, time of 21.92 minutes and pressure of 260 mbar, under these conditions were the moisture content, shrinkage, fat content, amount of ascorbic acid, total color changes and the breaking force were 45.93%, 70.54%, 34.64%, 2.92 mg/100 mL, 64.86 and 2.58N, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Tomato
Vacuum frying
Quality characteristics
optimum conditions
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