بررسی اثر نوع دانه‌گرده بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، میزان روغن، اسیدهای چرب و برخی عناصر نتاج حاصل از تلاقی کنترل شده بادام رقم شاهرود 12

نویسندگان
علی جعفری طائمه 1
موسی رسولی 2
مصطفی رحمتی جنیدآباد 3
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی
2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی.
10.52547/fsct.18.117.289
چکیده
با توجه به اهمیت اسیدهای چرب موجود در مغز بادام میزان اسیدهای چرب والدین پدری و نتاج حاصل از تلاقی والد مادری شاهرود 12 با والدین گرده‏دهنده انتخابی با استفاده از گاز کرماتوگرافی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین استخراج روغن به وسیله دستگاه سوکسله و اندازه گیری عناصر به روش جذب اتمی در والدین و نتاج حاصل از تلاقی­ها اندازه‏گیری شد. برخی صفات کمی و کیفی مربوط به خشک میوه و مغز بادام نیز مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که بالاترین میزان وزن مغز در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی های انجام شده، مربوط به گرده­افشانی آزاد بود، بیشترین مقدار اسیداولئیک (18:1) و اسیدلینولئیک (18:2) به‏ترتیب در والدین پدری MSK84 به‏میزان 51/75 % و شاهرود 14 به‏میزان 20/19 % مشاهده گردید. همچنین بیشترین میزان اسیداولئیک در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی والد مادری شاهرود 12 با والد پدری شاهرود 14 به‏میزان 72% به‏دست آمد. بالاترین میزان اسیدلینولئیک با40/18 % در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی والد مادری شاهرود 12 با والد پدری MSK84 حاصل شد. از طرفی بیشترین میزان اسیدپالمیتیک نیز در نتاج حاصل از گرده‏افشانی آزاد والد مادری شاهرود 12 به‏میزان 50/9 % مشاهده شد. این سه نوع اسید چرب بیشترین درصد را در بین هفت اسید چرب اندازه‏گیری شده در مغز بادام به خود اختصاص دادند. بیشترین مقدار روغن در نتاج حاصل از تلاقی والد مادری شاهرود 12 با والد پدری MSK82 به ‏میزان 42/54 و کمترین مقدار در والد پدری MSK83 به‏میزان 32/38 درصد مشاهده شد همچنین نتایج به‏دست آمده نشان داد که در بین والدین و نتاج حاصل از تلاقی ها میزان عناصر آهن (53/138-48/85 میلی گرم در 1000 گرم)، مس (48/47-32/20 میلی گرم در 1000 گرم) و منگنز (67/44-04/18 میلی گرم در 1000 گرم) بودند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اسیدهای چرب
اسید اولئیک
بادام
درصد روغن
گرده‌افشانی کنترل شده

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The effect of pollen type on the morphological traits,level of fatty acids, oils and some progeny elements from a controlled cross of almond cultivar Shahrood 12

نویسندگان English

Ali Jafari Taeme 1
Mousa Rasouli 2
Mostafa Rahmati-Joneidabad 3
1 MSc. Student of Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Horticulture Science and Landscape Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
چکیده English

Almond (Prunus dulcis L.) is one of the most important nut fruits and products, which is commercially grown in vast areas of the world. Almond kernel contains valuable compounds including vitamins, carbohydrates (fiber and soluble sugars), protein, fatty acids and mineral salts. Considering the importance of fatty acids in almonds. this study investigated the fatty acid content of pollen and seed parents and offspring of Shahrood 12 with selective pollinizers using Gas chromatography (GC). Also oil extraction by Soxhlet Elements were measured by atomic absorption method in parents and progeny of crosses. Some quantitative and qualitative traits related to dried fruit and almond kernels were also analyzed. The results showed that the highest amount of kernels weight in progeny obtained from crosses was related to free pollination. The results showed that the highest amount of oleic acid (18: 1) and linoleic acid (18: 2) was observed in MSK84 (75.51%) and shahrood14 (19.20%) pollinizers, respectively. Also, the highest amount of oleic acid with 72% was obtained in the offspring of Shahrood 12 (♀) × Shahrood 14(♂). The maximum amount of linoleic acid was obtained with 18.40% in the offspring resulting from Shahrood 12 (♀) × MSK84 (♂). On the other hand, the highest amount of palmitic acid (9.5%) was found in the progeny obtained from open pollination of Shahrood 12. These three types of fatty acids have the highest percentage among the seven fatty acids measured in the almond kernel. The highest amount of oil was obtained in progeny of mother Shahrood 12 with 54.42% MSK82 and 38.32% in MSK83 also The results showed that among the different genotypes Rate of oil (38.32-54.42%), Iron (85.48-138.53 mg / 1000 g), Copper (20.32-47.48 mg / 1000 g), Manganese (18.04 -44.67 mg / 1000 g).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Fatty acids
Oleic acid
Almond
Oil percentage
Controlled pollination
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