مطالعه تأثیر کود نیتروژن و فرایند نیم جوش کردن بر محتوای فلزات سنگین دانه برنج

نویسندگان
آذین نصرالله زاده 1
آزاده قربانی حسن سرایی 2
ابراهیم امیری 3
فاطمه حبیبی 4
1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد آیت‌الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.
2 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی واحد آیت‌الله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،آمل، ایران.
3 استاد گروه مهندسی کشاورزی-زراعت، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
4 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.
10.52547/fsct.18.114.359
چکیده
برنج قوت غالب مردم ایران است و آلودگی آن با فلزات سنگین خطرات جبران‌ناپذیری برای مصرف‌کنندگان دارد. هدف از این مطالعه یافتن راهی برای کاهش جذب فلزات سنگین از برنج است. برای مطالعه تأثیر کود نیتروژن و نیم جوش کردن بر فلزات سنگین، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. در این پژوهش، کود نیتروژن در سه سطح (N1:60، N2:80 و KgN/Ha N3:100) و نیم جوش کردن در دو سطح دمای خیساندن (50 C1: و 80 C2: درجه سانتی‌گراد) و دو سطح زمان بخاردهی (10 T1: و 15: T2 دقیقه) اعمال گردید. جهت تعیین فلزات سنگین از طیف‌سنج جرمی پلاسمای القایی (ICP-MS) استفاده شد. افزایش دمای خیساندن و زمان بخاردهی منجر به کاهش کلیه فلزات سنگین می‌شود اما تغییرات سطوح کود بر فلزات سنگین تأثیر معناداری نداشت. بررسی اثرات متقابل تیمارها نشان داد تیمار N3C1T1 بالاترین درصد از حد مجاز دریافت هفتگی کروم و نیکل (به ترتیب 99% و 58%) و همچنین تیمار N2C1T1 بالاترین درصد از حد مجاز دریافت هفتگی جیوه و کادمیوم (به ترتیب 11% و 5/9%) را دارند. افزایش دمای خیساندن و زمان بخاردهی، دریافت هفتگی تمامی فلزات سنگین را به حداقل می‌رساند بطوریکه تیمار N2C2T2 کمترین دریافت هفتگی از تمامی فلزات سنگین را نشان می‌دهد. در دما و زمان کمتر، فلزات سنگین باقیمانده قابل چشم‌پوشی نیستند، بنابراین نیم جوش کردن در دما و زمان بالاتر برای حفظ امنیت و سلامت مصرف‌کننده توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
برنج
نیتروژن
نیم جوش
فلزات سنگین
خیساندن
بخاردهی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Comparison the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and parboiling process on heavy metals of rice grain

نویسندگان English

Azin Nasrollah Zadeh Masouleh 1
Azade Ghorbani-HasanSaraei 2
Ebrahim Amiri 3
Fatemeh Habibi 4
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch
2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch
3 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch
4 Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREO)
چکیده English

Rice is the staple food of the Iranian people and its pollution with heavy metals has irreparable dangers for consumers. The aim of this study is to find a way to reduce the absorption of heavy metals from rice. To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and parboiling process on heavy metals, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (N1: 60, N2: 80 and N3:100 KgN /Ha) and parboiling at two levels of soaking temperature (C1:50 and C2:80 °C) and two levels of steaming time (T1:10 And T2:15 min) were applied. Induced plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine heavy metals. Increasing the soaking temperature and steaming time reduced all heavy metals, but changes in fertilizer levels had no significant effect on heavy metals. The interaction effects of the treatments showed that N3C1T1 treatment had the highest percentage of weekly allowance for Cr and Ni (99% and 58%, respectively) and N2C1T1 treatment had the highest percentage of weekly allowance for Mg and Cd (11% and 9.5%, respectively). Increasing the soaking temperature and steaming time minimizes the weekly intake of all heavy metals so that the N2C2T2 treatment shows the lowest weekly intake of all heavy metals. In less heat and time, the remaining heavy metals cannot be ignored, so parboiling at higher temperatures and times is recommended to maintain consumer safety and health.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Rice
Nitrogen
parboiling
Heavy metals
soaking
Steaming
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