بررسی تاثیر تزریق مخلوط گازهای دی‌اکسیدکربن و نیتروژن برویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی شیر گاو با استفاده از روش آماری سطح رویه پاسخ

نویسندگان
بهروز قدیری علمداری 1
احسان مقدس کیا 2
محمد علیزاده خالدآباد 3
زهرا قاسم پور 4
1 موسسه آموزش عالی غیر انتفاعی آفاق ارومیه
2 استادیار گروه صنایع غذایی و تغذیه، دانشکده علوم پزشکی مراغه، دانشگاه مراغه
3 استاد تمام گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
4 استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده تغذیه و علوم غذایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز
10.52547/fsct.18.112.347
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر تزریق نسبت های مختلف گازهای دی­اکسیدکربن، نیتروژن و زمان تیمار با گاز بر اساس طرح آماری ترکیبی بر روی ویژگی­های فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی شیر خام می‌باشد. در این پژوهش شاخص های اسیدیته، pH، نقطه انجماد، شمارش میکروبی کل، کپک و مخمر و کلی فرم بر روی 15نمونه تیمار شیرخام در فاصله زمانی بین 9 الی 15 دقیقه بعد از تزریق سنجیده شد. بررسی های آماری حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تیمار توامان گازهای نیتروژن و دی­اکسیدکربن بر روی اسیدیته و pH شیر خام تاثیر معنی‌دار داشت (p˂0.05)، به طوری‌که با افزایش میزان گاز دی­اکسیدکربن به 100 %، pH کاهش یافته و اسیدیته افزایش یافت. تاثیر توامان هر دو گاز بر روی نقطه انجماد شیر خام معنی‌دار بود (p˂0.05). افزایش زمان تیمار شیر خام از 9 به 15 دقیقه بر روی کاهش جمعیت بار میکروبی، معنی‌دار بوده (p˂0.05) ولی در اثر ترکیب گازها کاهش معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. با توجه به نتایج آنالیز واریانس در تیمار 100 % نیتروژن و مدت زمان تیمار 15 دقیقه بهترین نتایج به لحاظ میکروبی و شیمیایی مشاهده گردید. هم‌چنین برای بررسی ویژگی­های شیر تیمار شده با مخلوط گازهای CO2 و N2 تاثیر آن در ماست، بعنوان مدل غذایی، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه­های ماست در روزهای 2، 11، 22 از لحاظ ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و میکروبی و ارگانولپتیکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که گازدهی شیر خام، اثر نامطلوبی بر ویژگی­های حسی ­و فیزیکوشیمیایی ماست­ با شیرتیمار شده با این ­روش نداشت (p>0.05). اما تاثیر مدت­ زمان نگهداری بر روی اسیدیته، pH و سینرزیس ماست معنی­دار بود (p˂0.05). لذا استفاده از تیماردهی شیر خام با100 %گاز نیتروژن به مدت 15 دقیقه می­تواند به عنوان یک عامل باکتریواستاتیک در نگهداری شیر خام در مقیاس صنعتی مطرح باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تزریق گاز
دی‌اکسیدکربن
نیتروژن
شیر خام گاو
اسیدیته
شمارش کلی میکروبی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Investigation about effects of mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas properties of raw bovine milk using response surface methodology

نویسندگان English

Behroz Gadiri Alamdari 1
Ehsan Moghaddas Kia 2
Mohammad Alizadeh Khaledabad 3
Zahra Ghasempour 4
1 Afagh Higher Education Institute, Urmia
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences
3 Professor of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,
چکیده English

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flushing of CO2 / N2 gases at different ratios and gas treatment duration on physicochemical and microbiological properties of raw milk using a combined design. In this research acidity, pH, freezing point, total count, total yeast and mold count and total coliform count were performed on 15 raw milk samples between 9 and 15 minutes after injections. Statistical analysis showed that the combined treatment of nitrogen and carbon dioxide had significant effect on the acidity and pH of raw milk (p˂0.05), so that with increasing the amount of carbon dioxide to 100%, the pH decreased and acidity increased. The combined effect of both gases on the freezing point of raw milk was significant (p˂0.05). Increasing the treatment time of raw milk from 9 to 15 minutes had significant effect (p˂0.05) on reducing the microbial load, but no significant reduction was observed due to the combination of gases. According to ANOVA results, in 100% nitrogen and duration of 15 minutes, the best results in terms of microbiology and chemistry were obtained. The effect of milk treated with a mixture of CO2 and N2 gases on yogurt properties, as a food model, has also been investigated. Yogurt samples were investigated for chemical, microbial, and organoleptic properties during 22 days storage time. The results showed that the raw milk treated with gas mixture did not have an adverse significant effect on the sensory and physicochemical properties of yogurt (p> 0.05). However, yogurt acidity, pH and synthesis were significantly affected during storage time (p˂0.05). Therefore, the application of raw milk treatment with 100% nitrogen gas for 15 minutes can be considered as a bacteriostatic agent in the preservation of raw milk in industrial scale.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Gas flushing
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
raw bovine milk
acidity
Total microbial count
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