اندازه گیری برخی ترکیبات ضد تغذیه ای و فلزات سنگین در روغن کنجد، دانه کنجد خام و پوست گیری شده دو واریته کشت شده در ایران

نویسندگان
مونا رحیمی 1
مریم قراچورلو 2
مهرداد قوامی 3
1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات
2 دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات
3 استاد گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات
10.29252/fsct.17.01.15
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: کنجد از پرمصرف ترین دانه های روغنی می باشد که علیرغم غنی بودن از املاح معدنی، دارای برخی ترکیبات ضد تغذیه‌ای می باشد که از عوامل محدود کننده دسترسی مواد مغذی به بدن هستند. بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش بررسی برخی ترکیبات ضدتغذیه ای (اگزالات و فیتات) و فلزات سنگین (سرب و کادمیوم) در روغن کنجد، دانه کنجد خام و پوست گیری شده می ‌باشد.

مواد و روش ها: دو واریته دانه کنجد بومی ایران، دشتستان ۲ و داراب ۱۴ ، از مؤسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج تهیه شد. اگزالات و فیتات دانه کنجد خام ، پوست گیری شده و روغن آن به روش کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) و سرب، کادمیوم، کلسیم، منیزیم، روی، آهن و منگنز به روش اسپکتروفوتومتری جذب اتمی اندازه گیری شدند.

یافته ها: مقدار سرب همه نمونه ها بالاتر از حداکثر سطح مجاز و مقدار کادمیوم آنها پایین تر از حداکثر سطح مجاز در استاندارد ایران می باشد. واریته داراب حاوی مقدار بیشتری اسید فیتیک و واریته دشتستان دارای مقدار بالاتری اسید اگزالیک می‌باشد. بیشترین میزان املاح معدنی در نمونه ها مربوط به کلسیم می باشد. روغن استخراج شده از دانه های کنجد خام فاقد اسید فیتیک و حاوی حدود 5/2 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید اگزالیک می باشد.

نتیجه گیری: دانه کنجد خام دارای برخی ترکیبات ضد تغذیه ای می‌باشد که پوست گیری مقدار این ترکیبات را بطور قابل توجهی کاهش می دهد، ضمن آنکه مقدار این ترکیبات در روغن کنجد بسیار کمتر از حد استاندارد ایران و کدکس می باشد. از این رو درصورت کاربرد دانه کنجد خام بهتر است ارزیابی کیفیت آن صورت پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها
کنجد
ترکیبات ضدتغذیه‌ای
فلزات سنگین
املاح معدنی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Determination of Some Antinutritional Factors and Heavy Metals in Sesame Oil, Raw and Peeled Sesame (sesamum indicum L.) Seed of two Varieties Cultivated in Iran

نویسندگان English

Mona Rahimi 1
Maryam Gharachorloo 2
mehrdad ghavami 3
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
2 Associate Professor of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
3 Professor of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
چکیده English

Background: Sesame is one of the most consumed oilseeds that despite being rich in mineral salts, contains some anti-nutritional compounds that are limiting nutrients to the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate some of the antinutritional compounds (oxalate and phytate) and heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in sesame oil, raw and peeled sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) of two varieties; Dashtestan 2 and Darab 14; Cultivated in Iran.

Material and methods: Sesame seed samples were collected from Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute in Karaj, iran. Oxalate and phytate were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods and Pb, Cd, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).

Results: The lead content of all samples is higher than the maximum permissible level and their cadmium content is below the maximum permissible standard in Iran. The Darab variety contains more phytic acid and the Dashtestan variety has higher oxalic acid content. Most of the minerals in the samples are calcium. The oil extracted from the raw sesame seeds lacks phytic acid and contains about 2.5 mg/Kg oxalic acid.

Conclusion: The raw sesame seeds have some anti-nutritional compounds that significantly reduces by peeling, while the amount of these compounds in sesame oil is much lower than the standard Iranian and Codex. Therefore, it is better to evaluate its quality before using raw sesame seeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Sesame
Anti-Nutritional
Heavy metals
Minerals
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