کاربرد آزمون روزن رانی معکوس در ارزیابی رئولوژیکی پنیر کوارک: اثر نوع سویه پروبیوتیک و زمان نگهداری بر ویژگی های حسی و بافتی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشدگروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذاییدانشکده کشاورزیدانشگاه تبریز
2 استاد تکنولوژی مواد غذاییگروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذاییدانشکده کشاورزیدانشگاه تبریز
3 استاد تکنولوژی مواد غذاییگروه علوم و ومهندسی صنایع غذاییدانشکده کشاورزیدانشگاه تبریز
چکیده
آزمون روزن­رانی معکوس برای ارزیابی ویژگی­های رئولوژیکی پنیر کوارک پروبیوتیک استفاده شد. اثر نوع سویه میکروبی پروبیوتیک شامل لاکتوباسیلوس کازئی (LC) و لاکتوباسیلوس اسیدوفیلوس (LA) بر خواص حسی و بافتی پنیر کوارک در طول زمان نگهداری مطالعه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که که پنیر کوارک LC در همه روز­های مورد آزمون بافت سفت­تری (σmax و مدول یانگ بالاتری) نسبت به نمونه LA نشان داد. با گذشت زمان نگهداری تا 7 روز سفتی معنی­داری (p<0.05) در بافت همه نمونه­های پنیر ایجاد گردید. بعد از روز 7، سفتی و سختی بافت مجددا کاهش یافته و در دو نمونه LC و LA بین روزهای 14 و 21 نگهداری تفاوت معنی­داری از لحاظ سفتی بافت بین نمونه­ها ملاحظه نشد. مقایسه ویژگی­های حسی نشان داد که در روز اول بین نمونه­های پنیر از لحاظ کلیه ویژگی­های حسی تفاوت معنی­داری (p<0.05) نبود. با افزایش زمان نگهداری، در روزهای 7، 14 و 21، به غیر از ویژگی­های رنگ و سطح پنیر، در بقیه ویژگی­های حسی اختلاف معنی­دار حاصل شد، طوری­که نمونه LC در اکثر پارامترهای حسی نسبت به نمونه­ LA و کنترل امتیازات حسی بالاتری کسب کرد. بازاء افزایش زمان نگهداری، بغیر از ویژگی­های رنگ و سطح پنیر، امتیازهای بقیه شاخصه­های حسی کاهش قابل ملاحظه­ای یافتند. بخصوص در بازه زمانی 14 تا 21 روز در همه نمونه­های پنیر، شدیدترین کاهش در خصوصیات حسی رخ داد. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه معلوم گردید که بهترین زمان نگهداری پنیر کوارک پروبیوتیک تا 14 روز بود که بیشتر از این زمان باعث افت خصوصیات حسی پنیر گردید. همچنین مشخص گردید که از بین سویه های پروبیوتیک، سویه LC در مدت زمان مطلوب نگهداری (بین 7 تا 14 روز) بهترین پروفایل طعمی را ارائه نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Application of back extrusion in rheological evaluation of quark cheese: effect of probiotic strain type and storage time on sensorial and textural characteristics

نویسندگان English

Maral Soltanzadeh 1
Seyed Hadi Peighambardoust 2
Javad Hesari 3
1 MSc studentDepartment of Food ScienceCollege of Agriculture, University of TabrizTabriz 5166616471, I.R. IRAN
2 Professor of Food TechnologyDepartment of Food ScienceCollege of Agriculture, University of TabrizTabriz 5166616471, I.R. IRAN
3 Professor of Food TechnologyDepartment of Food ScienceCollege of Agriculture, University of TabrizTabriz 5166616471, I.R. IRAN
چکیده English

Back extrusion testing was used to evaluate the rheological properties of probiotic quark cheese. Effect of probiotic strain type including L.acidophilus (LA) and L.casei (LC) was studied on sensory and textural characteristics of quark cheese upon storage time. Results showed that LC quark cheese had firmer and harder texture (higher σmax, Young’s modulus) compared to that of LA sample in all storage days. Increasing storage time to 7 days, led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in the firmness of all samples. After 7 days, the firmness and hardness decreased again. There was no significant difference between LC and LA samples in terms of firmness from 14 to 21 days of storage. Sensorial results showed that there was no significant difference in sensory attributes of all samples in day 1. By increasing storage time differences in sensory properties appeared and LC sample obtained higher sensory scores compared to LA cheese. For all samples increasing storage time led to significant decrease in all sensory properties except for surface color and appearance. Especially between 14 and 21 days interval the greatest decrease in sensory scores occurred. The results of this study revealed probiotic quark cheese can be kept unchanged in terms of sensory properties for 14 days. Quark cheese supplemented with L.casei provided better sensory and textural properties compared to those of L.acidophilus.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Quark
Cheese
Probiotic
texture
Sensory properties
Rheology
[1] Fathollahi, I. (2008). Studying of softening in UF white cheese. M Sc. Thesis, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. [In Persian]
[2] Hort, J., and Le Grys, G. (2001). Developments in the textural and rheological properties of UK Cheddar cheese during ripening. International Dairy Journal, 11, 475-481.
[3] Cooper, H. R. & Watts T. A. (1981). Evaluations of textural characteristics produced in cottage cheese creamed with selected dressings. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal, 14(1), 29-35.
[4] Renner, E. (1993). Nutritional aspects of cheese. In: Cheese: chemistry, physics and microbiology, (Vol. 1). (pp: 557-559.). London: Elsevier Academic Press.
[5] Ramaswamy, H. S., Singh, A. & Sharma, M. (2015). Back extrusion rheology for evaluating the transitional effects of high pressure processing of egg components. Journal of Texture Studies, 46, 34-35.
[6] Dolan, K. D., Steffe, J. F. & Morgan R. G. (1989). Back extrusion and simulation of viscosity development during starch gelatinization. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 11, 79–101.
[7] Hickson D. W., Dill C. W., Morgan R. G., Sweat V. E. Suter D. A. & Carpenter Z. L. (1982). Rheological properties of two heat-induced protein gels. Journal of Food Science, 47, 783–785.
[8] El-Zeini H. M. M., Abdel-Atti Ali A., Azab Awad, R., Abd El-Ghany Y. F. H. (2018). Texture evaluation of whey protein concentrate incorporated ice cream by back extrusion technique. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 3(1), 6-13.
[9] Kadiya, K. S., Kanawjia, S. K. & Solanki, A. K. (2014). Survival of free and encapsulated probiotic bacteria and their effect on the sensory properties of Quarg cheese. International Journal of Fermented Foods, 3(1), 61-76.
[10] Schulz, D., Senge, B. & Krenkel, K. (1999). Investigations into the combined enzymatic and lactic acid milk coagulation. Milchwissenschaft, 54, 363-367
[11] Bergamini, C. V., Hynes, E. R., Quiberoni, A., Suarez, V. B. & Zalazar C. A. (2005). Probiotic bacteria as adjunct starters: influence of the addition methodology on their survival in a semi-hard Argentinean cheese. Food Research International 38, 597–604.
[12] Gardiner, G., Ross, R. P., Wallace, J. M., Scanlan, F. P., Jagers, P. P.J. M., Fitzerald, G., Collins, J. K. & Stanton, C. (1999). Influence of a probiotic adjunct culture of Enterococcus faecium on the quality of Cheddar cheese. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 4907-4916.
[13] Karimi, R., Sohrabvandi, S. & Mortazavian, A. M. (2012). Review Article: Sensory characteristics of probiotic cheese. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 11, 437-452.
[14] Khodabakhsh, M., Tajabady Ebrahimi, M & Hashemi M. (2012). Production of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacilli isolated from Keshk of Lighvan area. Quarterly Journal of Applied Biotechnology and Microbiology, 1(1), 83-100. [In Persian]
[15] ISIRI. 2002. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Cheese and processed cheese- determination of total solids (Reference method).ISIRI number 1753.
[16] ISIRI. 1977. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Determination of the ash content of processed cheese. ISIRI number 1755.
[17] ISIRI. 1968. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Determination of cheese and processed cheese fat content (Reference method). ISIRI number 760.
[18] ISIRI. 2015. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Milk and dairy products: Determination of nitrogen content- Part 1: calculation of crude protein using Kjeldahl method. ISIRI number 9188-1.
[19] ISIRI. 2006. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Milk and dairy products: Determination of fat acidity and pH. ISIRI number 2852.
[20] Zisu, B. & Shah, N. P. (2005). Textural and functional changes in low-fat Mozzarella cheeses in relation to proteolysis and microstructure as influenced by the use of fat replacers, pre-acidification and EPS starter. International Dairy Journal, 15, 957–972.
[21] Fox, P. F., Guinee, T. P., Cogan, T. M. & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2000). Fundamentals of cheese science. Gaithersburg: Aspen
[22] Sarantinopoulos, P., Andrighetto, C., Georgalaki, M. D., Rea, M. C., Lombardi, A., Cogan, T. M., Kalantzopoulos, G. & Tsakalidou, E. (2001). Biochemical properties of enterocococi relevant to their technological performance. International Dairy Journal, 11, 621-647.
[23] Song, M., Park, W. S., Yoo, J., Han, G., Kim, B., Seong, P., Oh, M., Kim, K. & Jam, J. (2017). Characteristics of Kwark Cheese Supplemented with Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 37 (5), 773-779.
[24] Sobhi Sarabi, Y. (2012). Effects of Lactobacillus casei and L. plantarum strains isolated from traditional Lighvan cheese on pasteurized sheep’s cheese. M Sc. Thesis, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. [In Persian]
[25] Buriti, F. C. A., Okazaki, T. Y., Alegro, J. H. A. & Saad S. M. I. (2007). Effect of a probiotic mixed culture on texture profile and sensory performance of Mina’s fresh cheese in comparison with the traditional products. Archivos Latino Americanos De Nutricion 57(2), 179-185
[26] McSweeney, P. L. H. & Fox, P. F. (2004). Metabolism of residual lactose and of lactate and citrate. In P. F. Fox, P. L. H. McSweeney, M. C. Timothy, & P. G. Timothy (Eds.) 3rd Ed.. Cheese: chemistry, physics and microbiology. (pp. 361-371). London: Elsevier Academic Press.
[27] Atasoy, A. F. & Turkoglu, H. (2008). Changes of composition and free fatty acid content of Urfa cheeses (a white-brined Turkish cheese) during ripening: Effect of heat treatments and starter cultures. Food Chemistry, 110, 598-604.
[28] Hesari, J., Ehsani, M. R., Khosroshahi, A. & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2006). Contribution of rennet and starter to proteolysis in Iranian UF white cheese. Lait, 86, 291-302.
[29] Singh, H. & Waungana, A. (2001). Influence of heat treatment of milk on cheesemaking properties. International Dairy Journal, 11, 543–551.