مجله علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

مجله علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

حسگرهای زیستی؛ گامی به‌سوی نسل نوین صنایع غذایی

نوع مقاله : مروری تحلیلی

نویسندگان
1 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
2 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، پردیس بین‌المللی ارس، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 گروه پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم توانبخشی و سلامت اجتماعی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
حسگرهای شیمیایی به‌عنوان ابزارهایی نوین در پایش کیفیت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، در سال‌های اخیر جایگاه ویژه‌ای در پژوهش و صنعت یافته‌اند. این فناوری‌ها با فراهم‌سازی امکان شناسایی سریع، دقیق و در محل ترکیبات هدف، نقش مؤثری در کنترل فرآیندهای تولید، نگهداری و توزیع ایفا می‌کنند. مطالعه حاضر در قالب یک مرور روایی جامع و تحلیل انتقادیِ دستاوردهای پژوهشی اخیر، به بررسی پیشرفت‌های اخیر در حوزه طراحی حسگرهای الکتروشیمیایی، نوری، جرمی و زیستی، کاربرد آن‌ها در تشخیص آلودگی‌ها، فساد و عوامل بیماری‌زا و تحلیل مزایای به‌کارگیری آن‌ها شامل کاهش هزینه آزمون‌ها، افزایش دقت و تسهیل پایش برخط می‌پردازد. با وجود این دستاوردها، چالش‌هایی نظیر ناپایداری عملکرد در بافت‌های پیچیده غذایی، تداخل ترکیبات مزاحم، دشواری کالیبراسیون، هزینه‌های تولید و نبود استانداردسازی بین‌المللی، مانع توسعه صنعتی گسترده این فناوری‌هاست. با این حال، پیشرفت در نانومواد، زیست‌فناوری و هوش مصنوعی در حال رفع تدریجی این موانع است و مسیر تجاری‌سازی حسگرهای پایدار، مقرون‌به‌صرفه و قابل اعتماد را هموار می‌سازد. در آینده، ادغام این فناوری‌ها با اینترنت اشیا، سیستم‌های کنترل هوشمند و بسته‌بندی‌های فعال، چشم‌اندازی روشن از زنجیره تأمین غذایی ایمن‌تر، کارآمدتر و پایدارتر ترسیم می‌کند. این تحولات نه‌تنها کیفیت و ایمنی غذایی را ارتقا می‌دهند بلکه بنیانی برای شکل‌گیری صنعت غذای هوشمند جهانی فراهم خواهند کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Biosensors: The New Frontier of Next-Generation Food Industry

نویسندگان English

Homa Behmadi 1
Negar Roshani-Dehlaghi, 2
Ali Ekrami 3
1 Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Department of Food Science and Industry, Ares International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Biosensors represent one of the most innovative technologies developed in recent decades in the field of the food industry. By integrating biotechnology, materials engineering, and data science, these systems enable accurate, rapid, and cost-effective monitoring of food quality and safety. Biosensors are designed based on sensitive biological elements such as enzymes, antibodies, or DNA, allowing them to detect chemical compounds, pathogens, and contaminants at very low concentrations. The present study, in the form of a comprehensive narrative review and critical analysis, examines recent research achievements and technological advancements of biosensors in the food sector, and analyzes their applications in areas such as microbial contamination detection, raw material quality control, supply chain monitoring, and the development of smart packaging systems. Advances in nanotechnology, micro-systems, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) have significantly enhanced the sensitivity of biosensors. Despite advantages such as high accuracy and real-time performance, several challenges remain, including performance instability in complex food matrices, biological stability, commercialization, and industrial standardization. The future of this technology lies in its integration with digital systems, biocompatible materials, and sustainable production processes. Such an approach can accelerate the transition toward a smart, transparent, and safe food industry, contributing significantly to the achievement of global food security.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biosensors
Food safety
Nanotechnology
Smart packaging
Real-time monitoring
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