Effect of Spraying with Salicylic Acid and Glutamine on the Growth, Yield, and Post-Harvest Food Quality of Hydroponically Grown Green Onions (Allium fistulosum)

Ali Abdel Fattah, Lubna; Hadi Obaid, Mohammed

doi:10.48311/fsct.2026.120942.83178

Effect of Spraying with Salicylic Acid and Glutamine on the Growth, Yield, and Post-Harvest Food Quality of Hydroponically Grown Green Onions (Allium fistulosum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

Lubna Ali Abdel Fattah

Mohammed Hadi Obaid

Faculty of Agriculture - University of Karbala, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering

10.48311/fsct.2026.120942.83178

چکیده

The study was undertaken as a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying of salicylic acid (0, 100, 200, 300 mg L⁻¹) and glutamine (0, 50, 100, 200 mg L⁻¹) on growth, yield, and post-harvest food quality parameters of green onion (Allium fistulosum) grown hydroponically. In addition to pre-harvest chemical indices (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total flavonoids, total soluble solids), post-harvest quality attributes relevant to food processing were evaluated, including color stability (L, a, b values) during 14 days of refrigerated storage (4°C), texture firmness (kg/cm²), and sensory acceptability (appearance, flavor, crispness) by a semi-trained panel. Furthermore, the retention of total flavonoids was monitored after simulated minimal processing (washing, cutting, and storage at 4°C for 7 days) to assess the suitability of the produce for fresh-cut food applications. Results indicated significant differences in leaf chemical indices with salicylic acid (300 mg L⁻¹) for nitrogen (1.95%), phosphorus (0.22%), and potassium (1.53%). The same treatment also recorded significant superiority in total soluble solids (8.70%) and total flavonoids (38.78 mg/g fresh weight). Glutamine (200 mg L⁻¹) gave nitrogen (1.81%), phosphorus (0.24%), potassium (1.38%), total soluble solids (8.05%), and total flavonoids (34.68 mg/g fresh weight). The interaction (S3G3) achieved the highest values: nitrogen (2.06%), potassium (1.55%), phosphorus (0.22%), total soluble solids (9.20%), and total flavonoids (41.99 mg/g fresh weight).

کلیدواژه‌ها

Japanese green onion

salicylic acid

glutamine

موضوعات

کشاورزی و علوم زیستی

[1] Issa, Falah Hassan. 2006. Production of High-Grade Potato Seeds Using Different Technologies. PhD Dissertation. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering. University of Karbala, Iraq.

[2] Al-Sahaf, Fadhil Hussein (1989). Applied Plant Nutrition. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. University of Baghdad, House of Wisdom - Iraq.

[3] Jackson, M.L. (1958). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall Inc. Soil Sci. Englewood Cliff. N.J. USA. pp: 498.

[4] Olsen, S.R., Sommers, L.E. (1982). Phosphorus (In A.L. Page, Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd edition. American Journal of Soil Science. Madison. USA. pp: 289.

[5] Haynes, R. J. (1980). A comparison of two modified Kjeldahl digestion techniques for multi‐element plant analysis with conventional wet and dry ashing methods. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 11(5), 459-467.

[6] Horwitz, W. W. (1975). Official methods of analysis association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C. U. S. A.

[7] Ribarova, F., Atanassova, M., Marinova, D., & Ribarova, F. (2005). Total phenolics and flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 40(3), 255-260.

[8] Sen, S., De, B., Devanna, N., & Chakraborty, R. (2013). Total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of Meyna spinosa Roxb., an Indian medicinal plant. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 11(2), 149-157.

[9] Xing, J., Zhu, M., Wang, Y., & Liu, H. (2023). The complete mitochondrial genome of Allium fistulosum L. (Amaryllidaceae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 8(8), 890-894.

[10] Singh, B. K., & Ramakrishna, Y. (2017). Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.): A promising spicing-culinary herb of Mizoram. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 30(02), 201-208.

[11] Kim, S. H., Yoon, J. B., Han, J., Seo, Y. A., Kang, B. H., Lee, J., & Ochar, K. (2023). Green onion (Allium fistulosum): an aromatic vegetable crop esteemed for food, nutritional and therapeutic significance. Foods, 12(24), 4503.

[12] Lee, H. J., Lee, I. Y., Park, J. H., & Joo, N. (2025). Comparison of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs, onion leaves, and green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) leaves. International Journal of Food Properties, 28(1), 2507121.

[13] Liao, H. S., Lee, K. T., Chung, Y. H., Chen, S. Z., Hung, Y. J., & Hsieh, M. H. (2024). Glutamine induces lateral root initiation, stress responses, and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 195(3), 2289-2308.

[14] Peng, Y., Yang, J., Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Salicylic acid: biosynthesis and signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 72(1), 761-791.

[15] Franzoni, G., Cocetta, G., & Ferrante, A. (2021). Effect of glutamic acid foliar applications on lettuce under water stress. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 27(5), 1059-1072.

[16] Decsi, K., Ahmed, M., Abdul-Hamid, D., & Tóth, Z. (2025). The role of salicylic acid in activating plant stress responses—Results of the past decade and future perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(9), 4447.

[17] Shaukat, K., Zahra, N., Hafeez, M. B., Naseer, R., Batool, A., Batool, H., ... & Wahid, A. (2022). Role of salicylic acid–induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. In Emerging Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture (pp. 73-98). Academic Press.

[18] Pathak, M., Gupta, P. K., Yadav, A., & Sharma, K. (2025). Influence of foliar spray of salicylic acid on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.). International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 9(4J), 84–1846.

[19] Amin, A. A., Gharib, F. A., El-Awadi, M., & Rashad, E. S. M. (2011). Physiological response of onion plants to foliar application of putrescine and glutamine. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(3), 353-360.

[20] Khan, M. I. R., Poor, P., & Janda, T. (2022). Salicylic acid: A versatile signaling molecule in plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41(5), 1887-1890.

[21] Ulukapi, K., & Nasircilar, A. G. (2024). The role of exogenous glutamine on germination, plant development and transcriptional expression of some stress-related genes in onion under salt stress. Folia Horticulturae, 36(1), 19-34.

[22] Sun, W., Shahrajabian, M. H., Kuang, Y., & Wang, N. (2024). Amino acids biostimulants and protein hydrolysates in agricultural sciences. Plants, 13(2), 210.