مجله علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

مجله علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

The Effect of Soil Fertilizing With Humic Acid And Agricultural Sulfur on Some Traits of Okra Plant

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 Department of Biology ,Collge of Education for pure science , Diyala University ,Diyala ,Iraq
2 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Collge of Agriculture, Diyala University ,Diyala ,Iraq
3 Department of Field crops , Collge of Agriculture, Diyala University ,Diyala ,Iraq
چکیده
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is an important vegetable crop valued for its nutritional and economic significance. Enhancing soil fertility through organic and mineral amendments such as humic acid and agricultural sulfur can play a key role in improving its growth and productivity. A factorial experiment was conducted at the nursery of the College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, from March 1, 2025, to April 30, 2025, to evaluate the effects of soil fertilization with humic acid and agricultural sulfur on some growth characteristics of okra plants. The treatments consisted of a control (no fertilization), humic acid at two concentrations (5 and 10 g L⁻¹), and agricultural sulfur at two concentrations (5 and 10 g L⁻¹), arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Black plastic pots (20 cm diameter, 20 cm height) were used, each containing 5 kg of soil. The fertilizers were added to the soil after germination and seedling emergence, and plant responses were observed daily throughout the study period, which lasted 59–61 days. The results showed that humic acid fertilization at 10 g L⁻¹ produced the highest significant increases in plant height (159.6 cm), fresh weight (78.0 g), and dry weight (54.0 g). The highest chlorophyll content (74.3 SPAD units) was recorded with agricultural sulfur fertilization at 10 g L⁻¹. Agricultural sulfur fertilization also resulted in significant improvements in other traits, although the magnitude of these increases was generally lower than those observed with humic acid fertilization.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Soil Fertilizing With Humic Acid And Agricultural Sulfur on Some Traits of Okra Plant

نویسندگان English

Leqaa Taher Kamel 1
Rusul Mahdy Salih 2
Weam Ahmed Alwan 1
Zainab A.Fadhil 1
Doress Taher Hasan 1
Saja Musbah Jurmut 3
1 Department of Biology ,Collge of Education for pure science , Diyala University ,Diyala ,Iraq
2 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Collge of Agriculture, Diyala University ,Diyala ,Iraq
3 Department of Field crops , Collge of Agriculture, Diyala University ,Diyala ,Iraq
چکیده English

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is an important vegetable crop valued for its nutritional and economic significance. Enhancing soil fertility through organic and mineral amendments such as humic acid and agricultural sulfur can play a key role in improving its growth and productivity. A factorial experiment was conducted at the nursery of the College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, from March 1, 2025, to April 30, 2025, to evaluate the effects of soil fertilization with humic acid and agricultural sulfur on some growth characteristics of okra plants. The treatments consisted of a control (no fertilization), humic acid at two concentrations (5 and 10 g L⁻¹), and agricultural sulfur at two concentrations (5 and 10 g L⁻¹), arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Black plastic pots (20 cm diameter, 20 cm height) were used, each containing 5 kg of soil. The fertilizers were added to the soil after germination and seedling emergence, and plant responses were observed daily throughout the study period, which lasted 59–61 days. The results showed that humic acid fertilization at 10 g L⁻¹ produced the highest significant increases in plant height (159.6 cm), fresh weight (78.0 g), and dry weight (54.0 g). The highest chlorophyll content (74.3 SPAD units) was recorded with agricultural sulfur fertilization at 10 g L⁻¹. Agricultural sulfur fertilization also resulted in significant improvements in other traits, although the magnitude of these increases was generally lower than those observed with humic acid fertilization.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Okra
organic fertilizers
humic acid
sulfur
[1] Bouras, M., & Al-Basit, I. (2011). Vegetable crop production, theoretical part. Publications of the University of Damascus Faculty of Agriculture.
[2] Iqbal, J., Hasan, M., Ashfaq, M., & Nadeem, M. (2011). Association of chemical components of okra with its resistance against Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, *43*(6), 1141-1145.
[3] Hossen, M. A., Jahan, I., Mamun, M. A. A., Sakir, J., Shamimuzzaman, M., Uddin, M. J., et al. (2013). CNS depressant and analgesic activities of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.). Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, *4*, 44-52.
[4] Ndunguru, J., & Rajabu, A. (2004). Effect of okra mosaic virus disease on the above-ground morphological yield components of okra in Tanzania. Scientia Horticulturae, *99*(3-4), 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(03)00108-0
[5] VarmuDy, V. (2011). Need to boost okra exports. Facts For You, *31*(5), 21-23.
[6] Akinyele, B., & Temikotan, T. (2007). Effect of variation in soil texture on the vegetative and pod characteristics of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). International Journal of Agricultural Research, *2*(2), 165-169.
[7] Mockeviciene, I., Repsiene, R., Amaleviciute-Volunge, K., Karcauskiene, D., Slepetiene, A., & Lepane, V. (2022). Effect of long-term application of organic fertilizers on improving organic matter quality in acid soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, *68*(9), 1192-1204. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2021.1875130
[8] Anhar, A., Marliah, A., Nurahmi, E., & Hayati, E. (2021). Rhizobium and organic fertilizer improve growth and development of soybean (Glycine max L.). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, *667*(1), 012066. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012066
[9] Lazcano, C., Zhu-Barker, X., & Decock, C. (2021). Effects of organic fertilizers on the soil microorganisms responsible for N2O emissions: A review. Microorganisms, *9*(5), 983. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050983
[10] Rizwan, M., Dalimunthe, M., Pasaribu, I., & Satriawan, H. (2021). The effect of organic fertilizers on growth several varieties of soybeans. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, *883*(1), 012051. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012051
[11] Ferrara, G., & Brunetti, G. (2010). Effects of the times of application of a soil humic acid on berry quality of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv Italia. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, *8*(3), 817-822.
[12] Rahi, A. A., Anjum, M. A., Iqbal Mirza, J., Ahmad Ali, S., Marfo, T. D., Fahad, S., et al. (2021). Yield enhancement and better micronutrients uptake in tomato fruit through potassium humate combined with micronutrients mixture. Agriculture, *11*(4), 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040357
[13] Abu Dahi, Y. M., & Al-Younis, M. A. (1988). Plant Nutrition Guide. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Baghdad University. Mosul University Press.
[14] Abdallah, M., Dubousset, L., Meuriot, F., Etienne, P., Avice, J., & Ourry, A. (2010). Effect of mineral sulphur availability on nitrogen and sulphur uptake and remobilization during the vegetative growth of Brassica napus L. Journal of Experimental Botany, *61*(10), 2635-2646. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq096
 
[15] Muter, O., Limane, B., Strikauska, S., & Klavins, M. (2015). Effect of humic-rich peat extract on plant growth and microbial activity in contaminated soil. Material Science & Applied Chemistry, *32*(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/msac-2015-0012
[16] Poudineh, Z., Moghadam, Z. G., & Mirshekari, S. (2015). Effects of humic acid and folic acid on sunflower under drought stress. Biological Forum, *7*(2), 903-908.
[17] Lamond, R. (2002). Sulphur in Kansas plant, soil, and fertilizer considerations [Soil fertility and soil management report]. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University.
[18] Melendrez, M. M. (2020). Humic acid: The science of humus and how it benefits soil. Eco Farming Daily.
[19] Alameer Madhoor, H. A., & Faisal, M. Z. (2020). Effect of the use of micro-nano fertilizers, normal micro fertilizer and Gibberellic acid and their interference in some growth, chemical, medicinal characteristics and yield in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Plant Archives, *20*(1), 1265-1275.
[20] Al-Nuaimi, S. N. A. (1999). Fertilizers and soil fertility. Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq.
[21] Albanna, L. S., Salem, N. M., & Awwad, A. M. (2016). Seed germination and growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus): Effect of nano-crystalline sulfur. Journal of Agricultural Science, *8*(10), 219-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n10p219
[22] Nosir, W., & Abdelkader, M. A. (2017). Effect of natural additives on Nigella sativa growth in hydroponic system. Future Journal of Agriculture, *2*(4), 11-30.
[23] Mahmoud, E., Abd EL-Kader, N., Robin, P., Akkal-Corfini, N., & Abd El-Rahman, L. (2009). Effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on cucumber yield and some soil properties. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, *5*(4), 408-414.
[24] Ahmad, S., Daur, I., Al-Solaimani, S. G., Mahmood, S., & Madkour, M. H. (2016). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid improve growth and yield of organically grown canola. International Journal of Engineering Research, *5*(5), 416-422.
[25] Laftah, S. K., & Alabdulla, S. A. (2022). Response of some growth traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to spray with humic acid under levels of phosphorus fertilizer. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, *1060*(1), 012115. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012115
[26] Khoshnaw, A., & Rasul, M. (2024). Impact of sulphur application timing and phosphate doses on soluble phosphorus, growth, and yield of corn in calcareous soil. Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences, *15*(4), 120-135.
[27] Ghali, A. K. C., & Shref, A. M. (2023). Effect of adding zeolite and agricultural sulfur on the availability of phosphorus from rock phosphate and some chemical properties and growth of maize in calcareous soil. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, *1262*(8), 082044. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/8/082044
[28] Al-Kateb, Y. (1988). Classification of seed plants. Dar al-Kutub for printing and publishing, University of Mosul.
[29] Morelli, R., Zanzotti, R., Bertoldi, D., & Zanoni, S. (2023). Nitrogen in apple orchards under integrated and organic farming. In *IV Convegno AISSA# under 40, Fisciano (SA), 12-13 luglio 2023* (p. 228).