[1] Sarkar, S., Skalicky, M., Hossain, A., Brestic, M., Saha, S., Garai, S., ... & Brahmachari, K. (2020). Management of crop residues for improving input use efficiency and agricultural sustainability. Sustainability, 12(23), 9808.
[2] Zhou, H., Xu, P., Zhang, L., Huang, R., Zhang, C., Xiang, D., ... & Fan, H. (2022). Effects of regulated deficit irrigation combined with optimized nitrogen fertilizer management on resource use efficiency and yield of sugar beet in arid regions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 380, 134874.
[3] Jat, H. S., Jat, R. D., Nanwal, R. K., Lohan, S. K., Yadav, A. K., Poonia, T., ... & Jat, M. L. (2020). Energy use efficiency of crop residue management for sustainable energy and agriculture conservation in NW India. Renewable Energy, 155, 1372-1382.
[4] Shanmugam, S., Hefner, M., Labouriau, R., Trinchera, A., Willekens, K., & Kristensen, H. L. (2022). Intercropping and fertilization strategies to progress sustainability of organic cabbage and beetroot production. European Journal of Agronomy, 140, 126590.
[5] Heidarian, F., Rokhzadi, A., & Mirahmadi, F. (2018). Response of sugar beet to irrigation interval, harvesting time and integrated use of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer. Environmental and Experimental Biology, 16(3), 169-175.
[6] Yetik, A. K., & Candoğan, B. N. (2022). Optimisation of irrigation strategy in sugar beet farming based on yield, quality and water productivity. Plant, Soil & Environment, 68(8).
[7] ALI, A. H. G. (2021). EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L.).
[8] Ahmed, S. Y., Bekeet, M. A., Eissa, M. A., Hussien, H. A., & Abou-ElWafa, S. F. (2023). Effect of water deficit irrigation and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. Egyptian Sugar Journal, 19, 71-81.
[9] Ayas, S. (2025). Mathematical Modeling of Crop Water Production Functions for Sugar Beet. Sugar Tech, 27(4), 1129-1140.
[10] Hayashi, M., Niwa, R., Urashima, Y., Suga, Y., Sato, S., Hirakawa, H., ... & Karasawa, T. (2018). Inoculum effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soybeans grown in long-term bare-fallowed field with low phosphate availability. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 64(3), 306-311.
[11] El-Aubiady, A. S. K. (2005). Physiological studies to improve growth, Yield, tuber seeds production and decrease the water stress damage in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Ph. D. thesis, College of Agriculture & Forestry, University of Mosul. IRAQ.
[12] Jacques, M. M., Gumiere, S. J., Gallichand, J., Celicourt, P., & Gumiere, T. (2020). Impacts of water stress severity and duration on potato photosynthetic activity and yields. Frontiers in Agronomy, 2, 590312.
[13] Abu-Ellail, F. F. B., El-Gamal, I. S. H., Bachoosh, S. M. I., & El-Safy, N. K. (2021). Influence of water stress on quality, yield and physiological traits of some sugar beet varieties. Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci, 36(3), 35-50.
[14] Habibzadeh, Y., & Abedi, M. (2014). The effects of arbuscular micorrhizal fungi on morphological characteristics and grain yield of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) plants under water deficit stress. Peak Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(1), 9-14.
[15] Yamika, W. S. D., Simbolon, G. P., Waluyo, B., & Aini, N. (2021). Effect of NPK fertilizer on nutrient uptake, growth, yield and beta-carotene of cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.) of genotypes. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55(6), 667-673.
[16] Sitompul, S. M., & Zulfati, A. P. (2019). Betacyanin and growth of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in response to nitrogen fertilization in a tropical condition. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science, 41(1), 40-47.
[17] Ali, M. A., & Nasef, I. N. (2024). Improving growth, yield, and root quality of table beet plants by phosphorus fertilization and borax foliar application under new valley conditions. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 51(2), 181-195.
[18] Tuffah, R. A. (2015). The effect of the type of organic fertilizer on the productivity and quality of spinach plants. Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series, 37(2), 279–291.
[19] Al-Khazai, Z. H. N. (2019). The effect of variety and fertilization with boron and potassium on improving the growth and yield of table beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) (PhD thesis). College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Republic of Iraq.
[20] Winkelmann, G. (2017). A search for glomuferrin: A potential siderophore of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus. Biometals, 30(4), 559-564.
[21] Rukie, Z., Popsimonova, M., Dimovsk, G., & Daniela. (2018). Yield and quality of beet root (Beta vulgaris ssp. esculenta L.) as a result of microbial fertilizers. Contemporary Agriculture, 67(1), 40–44.
[22] Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2006). Plant physiology sinauer associates. Inc., Sunderland, MA.
[23] Xu, X., Du, X., Wang, F., Sha, J., Chen, Q., Tian, G., ... & Jiang, Y. (2020). Effects of potassium levels on plant growth, accumulation and distribution of carbon, and nitrate metabolism in apple dwarf rootstock seedlings. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 904.
[24] Fiorentino, N., Ventorino, V., Woo, S. L., Pepe, O., De Rosa, A., Gioia, L., ... & Rouphael, Y. (2018). Trichoderma-based biostimulants modulate rhizosphere microbial populations and improve N uptake efficiency, yield, and nutritional quality of leafy vegetables. Frontiers in plant science, 9, 743.
[25] YASIR, N. F., & AL-SALIHY, A. A. A. S. (2022). The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and nitrogen fertilizer on the gene expression of the cytokinin in tomato leaves. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 467-473.
[26] Fall, A. F., Nakabonge, G., Ssekandi, J., Founoune-Mboup, H., Apori, S. O., Ndiaye, A., ... & Ngom, K. (2022). Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil fertility: contribution in the improvement of physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Frontiers in fungal biology, 3, 723892.
[27] Jayne, B., & Quigley, M. (2014). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on growth and reproductive response of plants under water deficit: a meta-analysis. Mycorrhiza, 24(2), 109-119.
[28] Al-Maamouri, H. A. F. (2020). The effect of the interaction of bio-fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, and vermicompost on nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the soil and the growth and yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) (PhD dissertation). Department of Soil and Water Resources, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
[29] Javeria, S., Kumar, V., Sharma, P., Prasad, L., Kumar, M., & Varma, A. (2017). Mycorrhizal symbiosis: ways underlying plant–fungus interactions. In Mycorrhiza-eco-physiology, secondary metabolites, nanomaterials (pp. 183-207). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
[30] Parihar, M., Chitara, M., Khati, P., Kumari, A., Mishra, P. K., Rakshit, A., ... & Jatav, S. S. (2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Abundance, interaction with plants and potential biological applications. In Advances in Plant Microbiome and Sustainable Agriculture: Diversity and Biotechnological Applications (pp. 105-143). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
[31] Hameed, M. M., & Obaid, M. H. (2023, April). Effect of Organic Compounds (Alghum and Bactosan) and Zinc Fertilization on some Yield Traits of Broccoli Brassica oleracea Var. Italica. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1158, No. 4, p. 042008). IOP Publishing.
[32] Jingjing, S., Mijia, Z., Xiaoqia, Y., Chi, Z., & Jun, Y. (2015). Microbial, urease activities and organic matter responses to nitrogen rate in cultivated soil. The Open Biotechnology Journal, 9(1).
[33] Hosseny, M. H., & Ahmed, M. M. M. (2009). Effect of nitrogen, organic and biofertilization on productivity of lettuce (cv. Romaine) in sandy soil under Assiut conditions. Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res, 12(1), 79-93.
[34] Al-Bahadli, H. J. J. (2020). The effect of adding bio-, organic, and mineral fertilizers on improving some properties of desert soil and on the growth and yield of cauliflower (Master’s thesis). Department of Soil Science and Water Resources, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
[35] Al-Fadhli, J. T. M., & Al-Kadhimy, N. A. S. (2018). The effect of organic and mineral fertilizer sources on total yield and N, P, and K concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). In Proceedings of the Third Agricultural Scientific Conference (pp. 89–101). College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, Iraq.
[36] El-Sadany, H. E., Mohamed, M. H., Zahran, H. F., & Shams, A. S. (2021). Organic fertilizers tea and boron spray as candidates for improving the growth, yield and quality traits of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.). Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 59(4), 987–996.
