[1] Omidbeigi, R. (2009). Production and processing of medicinal plants, sixth edition, Astan Quds Razavi Publications, pp. 1-350.
[2] Bicchi, C., Liberto, E., Matteodo, M., Sgorbini, B., Mondello, L., Zellner, B.D.A., Costa, R. & Rubiolo, P. (2008). Quantitative analysis of essential oils: a complex task. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 23(6), pp.382-391.
[3] Sabzi Nojadeh, M., Pouresmaeil, M., Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, M. & Venditti, A. (2021). Phytochemical profile of fennel essential oils and possible applications for natural antioxidant and controlling Convolvulus arvensis L. Natural Product Research, 35(21), pp.4164-4168.
[4] Liao, W., Badri, W., Alhibshi, A.H., Dumas, E., Ghnimi, S., Gharsallaoui, A., Errachid, A. & Elaïssari, A. (2021). Food applications of Nigella sativa essential oil. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications, pp.433-455.
[5] Zutic, I., Putievsky, E. & Dudai, N. (2004). Influence of harvest dynamics and cut height on yield components of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Journal of herbs, spices & medicinal plants, 10(4), pp.49-61.
[6] Malik, J. & Mandal, S.C. (2022). Extraction of herbal biomolecules. In Herbal Biomolecules in Healthcare Applications (pp. 21-46). Academic Press.
[7] Rahimmalek, M., Maghsoudi, H., Sabzalian, M.R. & Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2018). Variability of essential oil content and composition of different Iranian fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) accessions in relation to some morphological and climatic factors. JAST, 16 (6) :1365-3174.
[8] Marotti, M., Piccaglia, R., Giovanelli, E., Deans, S.G. & Eaglesham, E. (1994). Effects of variety and ontogenic stage on the essential oil composition and biological activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6(1), pp.57-62.
[9] Gamiz-Gracia, L. & De Castro, M.L. (2000). Continuous subcritical water extraction of medicinal plant essential oil: comparison with conventional techniques. Talanta, 51(6), pp.1179-1185.
[10] Zhao, L., Zhang, J., Jiao, S., Zheng, T., Li, J. & Zhao, T. (2022). Ground surface detection method using ground penetrating radar signal for sugarcane harvester base-cutter control. Biosystems Engineering, 219, pp.103-123.
[11] Williams, J.R., Clifford, A.A. & Al-Saidi, S.H. (2002). Supercritical fluids and their applications in biotechnology and related areas. Molecular Biotechnology, 22, pp.263-286.
[12] Hatami, T., Johner, J.C.F., Kurdian, A.R. & Meireles, M.A.A. (2020). A step-by-step finite element method for solving the external mass transfer control model of the supercritical fluid extraction process: A case study of extraction from fennel. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 160, p.104797.
[13] Nikolayevich, U.V. & Vasilyevich, K.G. (2019). Researching the connatural monoterpenic hydrocarbons biosynthesis dynamics applying the kinetic model and the state space model. Биология растений и садоводство: теория, инновации, (151), pp.94-108.
[14] Fathi, S., Bolandnazar, S., Alizadeh-Salteh, S., & Zaare-Nahandi, F. (2023). Effects of biological fertilizers on some physiological traits of sweet basil under water deficit stress. Journal of Medicinal plants and By-Products, 12(4), 365-374.
[15] Yamini, Y., Sefidkon, F. & Pourmortazavi, S.M. (2002). Comparison of essential oil composition of Iranian fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17(5), pp.345-348.
[16] Adams, R. P. (2001). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy (pp. 1-456).
[17] Kanmaz, E.Ö. (2014). Subcritical water extraction of phenolic compounds from flaxseed meal sticks using accelerated solvent extractor (ASE). European Food Research and Technology, 238(1), pp.85-91.
[18] Piras, A., Falconieri, D., Porcedda, S., Marongiu, B., Gonçalves, M.J., Cavaleiro, C. & Salgueiro, L. (2014). Supercritical CO2 extraction of volatile oils from Sardinian Foeniculum vulgare ssp. vulgare (Apiaceae): Chemical composition and biological activity. Natural Product Research, 28(21), pp.1819-1825.
[19] Mokhtari, L. & Ghoreishi, S.M. (2019). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of trans-anethole from Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seeds: Optimization of operating conditions through response surface methodology and genetic algorithm. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 30, pp.1-10.
[20] Maitusong, J., Aimila, A., Zhang, J., Mahinur, B., Maiwulanjiang, M. & Aisa, H.A. (2021). Process optimization for the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. seeds aromatic extract with respect to yield and trans‐anethole contents using Box‐Behnken design. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 36(2), pp.280-291.
[21] Anubhuti, P., Rahul, S. & Kant, K.C. (2011). Standardization of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), its oleoresin and marketed ayurvedic dosage forms. International Journal of Pharm Sci and Drug Res, 3(3), pp.265-269.
[22] Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), pp.223-253.
[23] Giuliani, R., Koteyeva, N., Voznesenskaya, E., Evans, M.A., Cousins, A.B. & Edwards, G.E. (2013). Coordination of leaf photosynthesis, transpiration, and structural traits in rice and wild relatives (genus Oryza). Plant Physiology, 162(3), pp.1632-1651.
[24] Cvetkovic, D., Stanojevic, J., Djordjevic, N., Karabegović, I., Stanojevic, L., Pavlic, B. & Danilović, B. (2023). Effect of different extraction techniques on the composition of essential oil isolated from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) rhizome. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 35(1), pp.24-34.
[25] Verma, A. K., Sharma, S., Kakani, R. K., Meena, R. D., & Choudhary, S. (2017). Gamma radiation effects seed germination, plant growth and yield attributing characters of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(5), 2448-2458.
[26] Lim, T. K. (2012). Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants (Vol. 1, pp. 285-292). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
[27] Coelho, J.A.P., Pereira, A.P., Mendes, R.L. & Palavra, A.M.F. (2003). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Foeniculum vulgare volatile oil. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(4), pp.316-319.
[28] Hammouda, F.M., Saleh, M.A., Abdel-Azim, N.S., Shams, K.A., Ismail, S.I., Shahat, A.A. & Saleh, I.A. (2014). Evaluation of the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill (fennel) fruits extracted by three different extraction methods by GC/MS. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(2), pp.277-279.
[29] He, W. & Huang, B. (2011). A review of chemistry and bioactivities of a medicinal spice: Foeniculum vulgare. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), pp.3595-3600.
[30] Diao, W.R., Hu, Q.P., Zhang, H. & Xu, J.G. (2014). Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil from seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Food Control, 35(1), pp.109-116.
[31] Demasi, S., Caser, M., Lonati, M., Cioni, P.L., Pistelli, L., Najar, B. & Scariot, V. (2018). Latitude and altitude influence secondary metabolite production in peripheral alpine populations of the Mediterranean species Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Frontiers in Plant Science, p.983.
[32] Aprotosoaie, A.C., Spac, A., Hancianu, M., Miron, A., Tanasescu, V.F., Dorneanu, V. & Stanescu, U. (2010). The chemical profile of essential oils obtained from fennel fruits (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Farmacia, 58(1), pp.46-53.
[33] Holopainen, J.K. & Blande, J.D. (2013). Where do herbivore-induced plant volatiles go?. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, p.185.
[34] Cavanagh, H.M.A. & Wilkinson, J.M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), pp.301-308.
[35] Pouryousef, M. (2014). Variation in the essential oil constituents in indigenous populations of Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare from different locations of Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 26(6), pp.441-445.
[36] Mehra, N., Tamta, G. & Nand, V. (2021). A review on nutritional value, phytochemical and pharmacological attributes of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(2), pp.1255-1263.
[37] Rather, M.A., Dar, B.A., Sofi, S.N., Bhat, B.A. & Qurishi, M.A. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, pp.S1574-S1583.
[38] Zhao, N.N., Zhou, L., Liu, Z.L., Du, S.S. & Deng, Z.W. (2012). Evaluation of the toxicity of the essential oils of some common Chinese spices against Liposcelis bostrychophila. Food Control, 26(2), pp.486-490.
[39] Nam, J.H., & Lee, D.U. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare extract and its constituent, trans-anethole, inhibit UV-induced melanogenesis via ORAI1 channel inhibition. Journal of Dermatological Science, 84(3), pp.305-313.
[40] Ahmed, A.F., Shi, M., Liu, C. & Kang, W. (2019). Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of essential oils and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Egypt and China. Food Science and Human Wellness, 8(1), pp.67-72.
[41] Mishra, A.P., Devkota, H.P., Nigam, M., Adetunji, C.O., Srivastava, N., Saklani, S., Shukla, I., Azmi, L., Shariati, M.A., Coutinho, H.D.M. & Khaneghah, A.M. (2020). Combination of essential oils in dairy products: A review of their functions and potential benefits. Lwt, 133, p.110116.
[42] Sadeghmousavi, S. (2019). Subcritical water extraction of fennel seeds essential oil and comparison with hydrodistillation. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran), 16(91), pp.119-128.
