بررسی استخراج پکتین از پوست خربزه‌ رقم‌های‌ زمستانه و مشهدی(قصری) با استفاده از پیش ‌تیمار مایکروویو

نویسندگان
1 استادیار،گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سبزوار، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سبزوار، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران
چکیده
این پژوهش به منظور استخراج مواد با ارزش و پر کاربرد در صنایع غذایی و دارویی از ضایعات محصولات کشاورزی انجام شد. در این پژوهش که با هدف استخراج پکتین از پوست خربزه رقم های زمستانه و مشهدی(قصری) به روش اسیدی با استفاده از پیش تیمار مایکروویو انجام شد، پکتین تحت شرایط مایکروویو (توان ثابت 900 وات)، زمان پرتودهی( 1 و 3 دقیقه) و نسبت حلال استخراج به ماده اولیه 15:1 وزنی/حجمی و در pH ثابت 5/1 ثابت، استخراج شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین راندمان استخراج مربوط به خربزه مشهدی در شرایط استخراج(توان 900 وات و مدت زمان 3 دقیقه) برابر با مقدار 5/13 درصد بود و با افزایش مدت زمان از 1 به 3 دقیقه، راندمان استخراج پکتین، در هر دو رقم خربزه افزایش یافت. هم‌چنین پکتین حاصل از تمامی تیمارها، دارای درجه خلوص مطلوبی(با محتوی گالاکتورونیک اسید بالای 65 درصد)بود. بررسی درجه استریفیکاسیون مشخص کرد که پکتین حاصل از همه تیمارهای خربزه‌ی زمستانه و مشهدی، جزء پکتین‌های با درجه استری پایین می‌باشند. بیشترین وزن معادل نیز مربوط به پکتین حاصل از خربزه مشهدی در شرایط استخراج(توان 900 وات و مدت زمان 3 دقیقه) بود که برابر با مقدار 890 میلی‌گرم به‌دست آمد.فعالیت امولسیفایری پکتین‌های حاصل از هر دو رقم خربزه نیز پایین بود. هم‌چنین میزان ظرفیت نگهداری آب پکتین‌های حاصل از تمام تیمارهای خربزه‌ی زمستانه و مشهدی در حد مطلوبی بود و نشان داد که پکتین‌های حاصل از این پژوهش، می‌تواند جهت حفظ آب در برخی سیستم‌های غذایی، مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. از مجموع موارد فوق می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که از پوست خربزه رقم‌های زمستانه و مشهدی که جزء ضایعات کشاورزی به شمار می‌رود، می‌توان به عنوان یک منبع نوید بخش در تولید پکتین استفاده نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the extraction of pectin from the melon skin of winter and Mashhad (Qasri) cultivars using microwave pretreatment

نویسندگان English

Ahmad Pedram Nia 1
elnaz harati 2
Mohsen Vazifedoost 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Industry, Sabzevar unit, Islamic Azad university, Sabzevar, Iran
2 Master student of food science and industry, Sabzevar unit, Islamic Azad university, Sabzevar, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Food science and Industry, Neyshabur unit, Islamic Azad university, Neyshabur, Iran
چکیده English

This research was carried out in order to extract valuable and widely used materials in food and pharmaceutical industries from the waste of agricultural products. In this research, with the aim of extracting pectin from the melon skin of winter and Mashhad (Qasri) cultivars, it was carried out by acidic method using microwave pretreatment. Pectin was extracted under microwave conditions (fixed power of 900 W), irradiation time (1 and 3 minutes) and the ratio of extraction solvent to raw material 15:1 weight / volume and at a constant pH of 1.5. The results showed that the highest extraction efficiency of Mashhad melon in the extraction conditions (power 900 watts and duration 3 minutes) was equal to 13.5% and with the increase of duration from 1 to 3 minutes, the extraction efficiency of pectin in both Melon variety increased. Also, the pectin obtained from all the treatments had a favorable degree of purity (with galacturonic acid content above 65%). Checking the degree of esterification revealed that the pectins obtained from all treatments of winter and Mashhad melons are among pectins with low esterification.The highest equivalent weight was related to the pectin obtained from Mashhad melon in the extraction conditions (power 900 watts and duration 3 minutes), which was equal to 890 mg. The emulsifying activity of pectins obtained from both melon varieties was also low. Also, the amount of water retention capacity of pectins obtained from all treatments of winter and Mashhad melons was at the optimal level and showed that the pectins obtained from this research can be used to preserve water in some food systems. From all of the above, it can be concluded that the melon skin of winter and Mashhad varieties, which is considered as agricultural waste, can be used as a promising source for pectin production.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Pectin extraction
melon skin
Microwave pretreatment
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