بررسی ساختار و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کربوهیدرات خالص‌شده از ریشه گیاه Amygdalus elaeagnifolia Spach

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
الهام احمدی جویباری 1
مهدی مریدی فریمانی 2
1 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران.
2 گروه فیتوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
10.48311/fsct.2025.83981.0
چکیده
کربوهیدرات‌ها به دلیل کاربرد در صنایع غذایی، دارویی و آرایشی دارای اهمیت هستند. ارتباط مستقیمی بین فیتوشیمی کربوهیدرات‌ها و چگونگی عملکرد و کاربرد آن‌ها در این صنایع وجود دارد. در ایران، تحقیقات کافی در زمینه بررسی کربوهیدرات‌های موجود در گونه‌های بومی و اندمیکِ کشور انجام نشده است. بدین منظور هدف از این پژوهش بررسی ساختار و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی کربوهیدرات گونه بومی Amygdalus elaeagnifolia Spach  می­باشد. ریشه این گیاه از استان فارس جمع آوری شد. در ابتدا ریشه‌ها تمیز و پیش استخراج با حلال اتانول صورت گرفت. استخراج اصلی با استفاده از آب داغ انجام گردید. جهت ‌خالص‌سازی کربوهیدرات‌ها، مراحل مختلفی از جمله رسوب‌دهی کربوهیدرات با اتانول، حذف پروتئین‌ها با روش سواگ، به کارگیری جاذب تبادل یونی DEAE-Cellulose و در نهایت سفادکس G-100 استفاده شد. کربوهیدرات خالص شده AEC-1 نامگذاری گردید. گروه‌های عاملی موجود در AEC-1  با استفاده از ‌طیف‌سنج فروسرخ (FT-IR) مطالعه شدند. مطالعات کمی و شناسایی نوع مونومرها به ترتیب با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به آشکارساز یونیزاسیون شعله (GC-FID) و طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC-MS) انجام شد. همچنین فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی AEC-1  با استفاده از سه نوع رادیکال‌ آزاد، 2،2-دی‌فنیل-1-پیکریل هیدرازین (DPPH)، 2،2′-آزینو-بیس (3-اتیل بنزوتیازولین-6-اسیدسولفونیک) (ABTS) و رادیکال هیدروکسیل سنجیده شد. درصد خلوص AEC-1 67/0 ± 08/94 بدست آمد. بررسی گروه‌های عاملی با استفاده از FT-IR نمایانگر آن است که این کربوهیدرات دارای گروه­های اسیدی، کربن­های آنومری آلفا و مونوساکاریدهای پیرانوزی می‌باشد. بررسی کروماتوگرام‌های GC-FID و GC-MS نشان داد که AEC-1 دارای مونوساکاریدهای آرابینوز، گالاکتوز، مانوز، گلوکز، فروکتوز و گلوکرونیک اسید به ترتیب با درصدهای  52/31%، 10/26%، 00/19%، 17/16%، 63/4% و 56/2% است. بررسی‌های حاصل از عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی این کربوهیدرات در مقابل رادیکال‌های DPPH، ABTS و OH نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش میزان غلظت AEC-1 فعالیت مهار کنندگی این کربوهیدرات افزایش می‌یابد. بر اساس نتایج، کربوهیدرات خالص شده یک هتروپلی‌ساکارید اسیدی با فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی نسبتا قابل 
کلیدواژه‌ها
استخراج
بادام
‌خالص‌سازی
خواص بیولوژیکی
شناسایی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Structural Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Purified Carbohydrate from the Roots of Amygdalus elaeagnifolia Spach

نویسندگان English

Elham Ahmadi Juybari 1
Mahdi Moridi farimani 2
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
2 Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Carbohydrates play a crucial role in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, with their applications being closely linked to their specific phytochemical composition. However, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding the phytochemistry of carbohydrates derived from Iran's native and endemic plant species.

This study investigates the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of purified carbohydrate extracted from the roots of the native Iranian plant, Amygdalus elaeagnifolia. were collected from the village of Barshneh, Fars Province, Iran. The roots were first thoroughly cleaned and then subjected to pre-extraction with 96% ethanol. The main carbohydrate extraction was performed using hot water. The extract was subjected to a series of purification steps, including precipitation with 96% ethanol, protein removal using Sevag method, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE cellulose as the stationary phase, and gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-100. Following these steps the purified carbohydrate, designated as AEC-1, was successfully obtained. The functional group of AEC-1 were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The monosaccharide composition was determined using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), while monomer identification was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, the antioxidant capacity of AEC-1 was evaluated against three free radicals: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl radical. The purity of AEC-1 was determined to be 94.08 + 0.67%. FT-IR analysis demonstrated functional groups such as an acid group, α-anomeric carbons and the pyranose ring structures. Chromatographic studies demonstrated the following monosaccharide profile: arabinose (31.52%), galactose (26.10%), mannose (19.00%), glucose (16.17%), fructose (4.63%), and glucuronic acid (2.56%). Antioxidant assays demonstrated significant, concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of AEC-1 on DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals. The results indicate that the purified carbohydrate from A. elaeagnifolia species is an acidic heteropolysaccharide with moderate antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Almond
Biological properties
Extraction
Purification
Identification
 
 
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