بررسی آکادمیک: تولید بیودیزل از روغن‌های گیاهی و چربی‌های حیوانی با کمک میکروارگانیسم‌ها

نویسندگان
1 دانشکده داروسازی / گروه داروسازی / دانشگاه العمید / عراق
2 دانشگاه التراث / عراق
3 کالج دانشگاه النصور، بخش نیسور. کرخ، بغداد، عراق
4 کالج دانشگاه وارکا / عراق
5 گروه دندانپزشکی/ دانشکده علوم پزشکی المناره/ (میسان)/عراق
6 گروه مهندسی آزمایشگاه پزشکی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه الزهراوی، کربلا، عراق
7 کالج دانشگاهی منتظر مزایا / عراق
چکیده
تقاضای جهانی رو به رشد برای منابع انرژی پایدار و تجدیدپذیر، تحقیقات در مورد تولید بیودیزل به عنوان جایگزینی برای سوخت‌های فسیلی را تشدید کرده است. به طور سنتی، بیودیزل از طریق ترانس استریفیکاسیون روغن‌های گیاهی و چربی‌های حیوانی با استفاده از کاتالیزورهای شیمیایی سنتز می‌شود. با این حال، فرآیندهای شیمیایی اغلب شامل شرایط واکنش سخت، مصرف انرژی بالا و چالش‌های مربوط به بازیابی کاتالیزور و مدیریت پسماند هستند. در سال‌های اخیر، بیوکاتالیست‌های میکروبی، به ویژه لیپازهای مشتق شده از باکتری‌ها، قارچ‌ها و مخمرها، به عنوان جایگزین‌های امیدوارکننده‌ای برای کاتالیز واکنش‌های ترانس استریفیکاسیون در شرایط ملایم‌تر و سازگار با محیط زیست ظهور کرده‌اند. این بررسی، اصول تولید بیودیزل از روغن‌های گیاهی و چربی‌های حیوانی را با تأکید ویژه بر مکانیسم‌ها و سینتیک فرآیندهای ترانس استریفیکاسیون معمولی و آنزیمی، به طور انتقادی بررسی می‌کند. نقش محوری میکروارگانیسم‌ها در افزایش راندمان فرآیند، از طریق استراتژی‌هایی مانند بی‌حرکت کردن آنزیم، مهندسی ژنتیک و بهینه‌سازی واکنش، به طور سیستماتیک بررسی می‌شود. علاوه بر این، تجزیه و تحلیل‌های مقایسه‌ای روش‌های میکروبی و شیمیایی ارائه شده است که مزایا، محدودیت‌ها و امکان‌سنجی اقتصادی تولید به کمک میکروبی را برجسته می‌کند. این بررسی با بحثی در مورد چالش‌های فعلی و چشم‌اندازهای تحقیقاتی آینده به پایان می‌رسد و بر پتانسیل بیوتکنولوژی‌های میکروبی برای پیشبرد تولید پایدار بیودیزل و کمک به اهداف جهانی انرژی زیستی تأکید می‌کند
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Academic Review: Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats with the Help of Microorganisms

نویسندگان English

Haider Falih Shamikh Al-Saedi 1
Ali Adel 2
Ola Kamal A. Alkadir 3
Heba Ahmed 4
Nekaa Kassim 5
Sadiq H. Al-shaikh 6
Kadhum Sultan 7
1 faculty of pharmacy/ department of pharmaceutics/ University of Al-Ameed/ Iraq
2 Al-Turath University/ Iraq
3 Al Nisour University College, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq.
4 Warka University College/ Iraq
5 department of dentistry/ Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences/ (Maysan)/Iraq
6 Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
7 Muntadher Mazaya university college/ Iraq
چکیده English

The growing global demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources has intensified research into biodiesel production as an alternative to fossil fuels. Traditionally, biodiesel is synthesized through the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats using chemical catalysts. However, chemical processes often involve harsh reaction conditions, high energy consumption, and challenges related to catalyst recovery and waste management. In recent years, microbial biocatalysts-particularly lipases derived from bacteria, fungi, and yeast have emerged as promising alternatives for catalyzing transesterification reactions under milder, environmentally benign conditions. This review critically examines the fundamentals of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats, with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms and kinetics of both conventional and enzymatic transesterification processes. The pivotal role of microorganisms in enhancing process efficiency, through strategies such as enzyme immobilization, genetic engineering, and reaction optimization, is systematically explored. Furthermore, comparative analyses of microbial and chemical methodologies are presented, highlighting advantages, limitations, and the economic feasibility of microbial-assisted production. The review concludes with a discussion on current challenges and future research prospects, underscoring the potential of microbial biotechnologies to advance sustainable biodiesel production and contribute to global bioenergy goals.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

biodiesel
Vegetable oil
Animal Fat
Microorganisms
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