بهینه‌سازی ترکیب ماست همزده پروبیوتیک حاوی سویه لاکتوباسیلوس اسیدوفیلوسLA5 به روش سطح پاسخ

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
2 استاد،گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران
چکیده
با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ اثر سه متغیر مستقل شامل چربی (8، 68/6، 75/4، 82/2، 5/1 درصد)، نمک (1، 82/0، 55/0، 28/0، 10/0 درصد) و ماده خشک بدون چربی (SNF) (15، 68/13، 75/11، 82/9، 50/8 درصد)، روی ویژگی‌های نمونه‌های ماست همزده پروبیوتیک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج ارزیابی حسی نمونه‌ها نشان داد که نمونه­­های با ترکیب (چربی 75/4، نمک 1، SNF 75/11 درصد) و (چربی 68/6، نمک 82/0، SNF 68/13 درصد) بیشترین امتیاز را در روز اول و نمونه­­های با ترکیب (چربی 8، نمک 55/0، SNF 75/11 درصد) و (چربی 75/4، نمک 55/0، SNF 15 درصد) کمترین امتیاز را در روز 21 کسب کردند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از بهینه‌سازی ارزیابی حسی، ماست همزده پروبیوتیک (چربی 45/5، نمک 28/0، SNF 68/13 درصد) به عنوان نمونه بهینه با نمونه تهیه شده در صنعت به عنوان نمونه کنترل (چربی 4/1، نمک 0، SNF 10 درصد)، برای انجام آزمون میکروبی مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که درصد چربی، SNF و نمک اثر معنی‌داری بر pH نمونه‌ها نداشتند اما درصد SNF و نمک و اثر متقابل آن‌ها تأثیر معنی‌داری (05/0>p) بر اسیدیته آن‌ها نشان دادند. بررسی‌های میکروبی حاکی از تأثیر معنی‌داری ترکیب، مدت زمان نگهداری و اثر متقابل آن‌ها روی شمارش باکتریهای آغازگر و پروبیوتیک بود (01/0>p). کاهش در شمارش باکتری‌های آغازگر و پروبیوتیک در نمونه کنترل به افزایش اسیدیته نسبت داده شد. با جمع­بندی نتایج حاصل از آزمون­های مختلف، چربی 45/5، نمک 28/0 و SNF 68/13 درصد به عنوان بهترین فرمولاسیون ماست همزده پروبیوتیک معرفی می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Optimization of composition of probiotic stirred yogurt containing lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 by response surface methodology

نویسندگان English

Maryam Pirayesh Eslamian 1
Javad Hesari 2
Mahnaz Manafi Dizaj Yekan 3
1 MSc Student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Assitant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran
چکیده English

Response surface methodology was applied to investigate the effect of three independent variables, including fat (8, 6.68, 4.75, 2.82, 1.5%), salt (1, 0.82, 0.55, 0.28, 0.10%) and solids-non-fat (SNF) (15, 13.68, 11.75, 9.82, 8.50%) on the probiotic stirred yogurt. The results of organoleptic evaluation showed that samples with composition of 4.75% fat, 1% salt, 11.75% SNF and 6.68% fat, 0.82% salt, 13.68% SNF obtained the highest score at the first day and samples with composition of 8 fat, 0.55 salt, 11.75% SNF and 4.75 fat, 0.55 salt, 15% SNF had the lowest score on the 21st day. According to the results of sensory evaluation, probiotic yogurt with composition of 5.45 fat, 0.28 salt, 13.68% SNF was selected as optimum sample and compared to commercial stirred yogurt (1.4 fat, 0 salt, 10% SNF) as control sample with respect to microbial characteristics. Statistical analysis showed that the percentage of fat, SNF and salt had no significant effect on pH of samples, but the SNF and salt and their interaction had a significant (p<0.05) effect on acidity. The results of microbial analysis showed that composition, storage time and interaction of them had a significant (p<0.01) effect on bacterial and probiotic count. Decreasing in the number of starter and probiotic bacteria in the control sample was due to an increase in the acidity. Finally, 5.45 fat, 0.28 salt and 13.68% SNF is introduced as the best probiotic stirred yogurt formulation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

: Stirred Yogurt
Functional
Probiotic
Response surface
[1] Siró, I., Kápolna, E., Kápolna, B., & Lugasi, A. (2008). Functional food. Product development, marketing and consumer acceptance a review. Appetite, 51(3), 456-467.
[2] Tamime, A.Y., & Robinson, R.K. (2007). Yoghurt: Science and technology, (1-772). Cambride: England.
[3] Davoodi, H., Esmaeili, S., & Mortazavian, A.M. (2013). Effects of milk and milk products consumption on cancer: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 12(3), 249–264.
[4] Hassan, A., & Amjad, I. (2010). Nutritional Evaluation of yoghurt prepared by different starter cultures and their physiochemical analysis during storage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(20), 2913–2917.
[5] Tamime, A.Y., & Deeth, H.C. )1980). Yogurt: technology and biochemistry. Journal of Food Protection, 43(12), 939-977.
[6] Gilliland, S. E. (1979). Beneficial inter-relationships between certain microorganisms and humans: Candidate microorganisms for use as dietary adjuncts. Journal of Food Protection, 42(2), 164–167.
[7] Akalin, A.S., Fenderya, S., &Akbulut, N. (2004). Viability and activity of bifidobacteria in yoghurt containing fructooligosaccharide during refrigerated storage. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 39(6), 613–621.
[8] Nyanzi, R., Jooste, P.J., & Buys, E.M., (2021). Invited review: Probiotic yogurt quality criteria, regulatory framework, clinical evidence, and analytical aspects. Journal of Dairy Science, 104(1), 1-19.
[9] Shah, N. (2017). Yogurt in Health and Disease Prevention. United Kingdom: London.
[10] Hekmat, S., & Reid, G., (2006). Sensory properties of probiotic yogurt is comparable to standard yogurt. Nutrition research, 26(4), 163-166.
[11] Heller, K.J. (2001). Probiotic bacteria in fermented foods: Product characteristics and starter organisms. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 374S–9S.
[12] Iran National Standard Organisiattion. (2006). Milk and milk products-Determination of titrable acidity and value pH- Test method. 2852. First edition. In Persian.
[13] Iran National Standard Organisiattion. (2008). Yogurt- Specifications and test methods. 695. 4th Revision. In Persian.
[14] Iran National Standard Organisiattion. (1970). Determination of solid-non-fat of milk. 637. First edition. In Persian.
[15] Iran National Standard Organisiattion. (2005). Yogurt- Enumeration of characteristic microorganisms- Colony count technique at 37 C. 7714. First edition. In Persian.
[16] Iran National Standard Organisiattion. (2008). Milk products- Enumeration of presumptive lactobacillus acidophilus on a selective medium- Colony-count technique at 37 C. 9616. First edition. In Persian.
[17] International standard. (2009). Milk and milk products-sensory analysis-recommended methods for sensory evaluation. First edition. Iso 22935-2. In Persian.
[18] Salaun F., Mietton B., & Gaucheron F. (2005). Buffering capacity of dairy products. International Dairy Journal, 15(2). 95-109.
[19] Lee, W. J. A., & Lucey, J. A. (2010). Formation and physical properties of yogurt. Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal Science, 23(9), 1127 – 1136.
[20] Aziznia, S., Khosrowshahi, A., Madadlou, A., & Rahimi, J. (2008). Whey protein concentrates and gam tragacanth as fat replacers in non-fat yogurt: Chemical, physical and microstructural properties. Journal of Dairy Science, 91(7), 2545-2552.
[21] Senaka ranadheera, C., Evans, C.A., Adams, M.C., & Baines, S.K. (2012). Probiotic viability and physicochemical and sensory properties of plain and stirred fruit yogurts made from goat’s milk. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1411-1418.
[22] Dave, R.I., & Shah, N.P. (1997a). Effect of cysteine on the viability of yoghurt and probiotic bacteria in yoghurts made with commercial starter cultures. International Dairy Journal, 7(8-9), 537–545.
[23] Dave, R. I., & Shah, N. P. (1997b). Viability of yoghurt and probiotic bacteria in yoghurts made from commercial starter cultures. International Dairy Journal, 7(1), 31–41.
[24] Vinderola, C. G., Costa, G. A., Regenhardt, S., & Reinheimer, J. A. (2002). Influence of compounds associated with fermented dairy products on the growth of lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria. International Dairy Journal, 12(7), 579–58.
[25] Song, M., Park, W. S., Yoo, J., Han, G., Kim, B., Seong, P., Oh, M., Kim, K., & Jam, J. (2017). Characteristics of Kwark cheese supplemented with Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 37 (5), 773-779.
[26] Boylston, T.D., Vinderola, C.G., Ghoddusi, H.B. & Reinheimer, J.A. (2004). Incorporation of bifidobacteria into cheeses: Challenges and rewards. International Dairy Journal, 14(5), 375-387.