بهینه‌سازی شرایط استخراج اسانس مرزه سهندی (Satureja sahendica Bornm.)

نویسندگان
جلال خورشیدی 1
سید هیمن امان اللهی 2
پخشان بایزیدی آذر 3
1 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
2 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، ایران
3 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
10.22034/FSCT.21.148.103
چکیده
میزان و کیفیت اسانس استخراج شده از گیاه به­ شدت تحت تأثیر شرایط استخراج قرار دارد و لذا بهینه­ سازی شرایط استخراج می­ تواند ما را در دست­یابی به بیش­ ترین و با کیفیت­ ترین اسانس کمک نماید. مرزه سهندی (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) از گیاهان دارویی اندمیک ایران است که به دلیل میزان بالای اسانس و نیز محتوای تیمول بالا در اسانس، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در این پژوهش، تأثیر اندازه قطعات گیاهی (سایز مش­های 12، 18 و 35) و نسبت ماده گیاهی به آب (1 به 5، 1 به 10 و 1 به 15) بر میزان و ترکیبات تشکیل­ دهنده اسانس گیاه مذکور ارزیابی گردید. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب با کلونجر و آنالیز اسانس­ ها با دستگاه­ های GC/MS و GC/FID انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش اندازه قطعات گیاهی، میزان اسانس به ­طور معنی­ داری کاهش یافت. مطلوب­ ترین نسبت ماده گیاهی به آب برای حصول اسانس بیش­تر، بسته به اندازه قطعات گیاهی متفاوت بود. بیش­ ترین میزان اسانس (2/15 درصد حجمی/وزنی) از مواد گیاهی با سایز مش 12 و نسبت 1 به 15 مواد گیاهی به آب به­ دست آمد. تعداد، انواع و میزان ترکیبات تشکیل­ دهنده اسانس به ­شدت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای اعمال­ شده قرار گرفتند. بیش­ ترین میزان تیمول (81/79 درصد) به ­عنوان مهم­ ترین ترکیب اسانس مرزه سهندی، از نمونه­ های با سایز مش 35 و نسبت 1 به 10 ماده گیاهی به آب، به­ دست آمد. انتخاب مناسب ترین شرایط استخراج، بسته به هدف و ترکیب شیمیایی مورد نظر اسانس، می­ تواند متفاوت باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
مرزه سهندی
اسانس
تیمول
سایز مش
میزان آب

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Optimization of essential oil extraction from Satureja sahendica Bornm.

نویسندگان English

jalal khorshidi 1
Seyed Himan Amanollahi 2
Pakhshan Bayazidi Azar 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده English

The quantity and quality of essential oil extracted from the plant is strongly influenced by the extraction conditions, so optimizing the extraction conditions can help us to achieve the most essential oil content with the best quality. Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant of Iran, which is of great importance due to its high essential oil and thymol content. In this research, the effect of plant particle size (mesh size 12, 18 and 35) and the ratio of plant material to water (1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 w/v) on essential oil content and compositions of this plant were evaluated. The essential oils were extracted based on hydro-distillation method by Clevenger’s apparatus and then analyzed using GC/MS and GC/FID. The results indicated that the extracted essential oil decreased with the decrease in the plant particle size. The optimal ratio of plant material to water in order to obtain more essential oil was different depending on the plant particle size. The highest of essential oil content (2.15% v/w) was obtained from plant material with mesh size 12 in the ratio of 1:15 plant material to water. The number, type and amount of essential oil compounds were strongly affected by different treatments. The highest amount of thymol (81.79%) as the most important component of the Satureja sahendica essential oil was obtained from samples with mesh size 35 and a ratio of 1:10 plant material to water. Determining the most appropriate extraction conditions can be different depending on the purpose and desired chemical composition of the essential oil.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Satureja sahendica Bornm
Essential oil
Thymol
Mesh Size
Water content
[1] Raut, J.S. and Karuppayil, S.M. 2014. A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 62: 250-264.
[2] Omidbaigi, R. 2015. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astan Quds Razavi Press, 348p.[Persian]
[3] Daulay, A.S., Taufik, M., Ridwanto, R. and Astriliana, A. 2018. Effect of particle size on fresh turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and simplicia toward content of curcumin compound. Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education, 18-19 October, Medan, Indonesia.
[4] Kusuma, H.S. and Mahfud, M. 2017. Microwave hydrodistillation for extraction of essential oil from Pogostemon cablin Benth: Analysis and modeling of extraction kinetics. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 4: 46-54.
[5] Ali, E., Mahmoudi, R., Kazeminia, M., Hazrati, R. and Azarpey, F. 2017. Essential oils as natural medicinal substances: Review article. Tehran University Medical Journal, 75(7): 480-489. [Persian]
[6] Wei, D., Cheng, G., Huang, K., Fang, J. and Yan, B. 2017. Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch-to-batch quality consistency. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(5): 1140-1148.
[7] Akuso, S.A., Kabiru, M., Victor, O., Abubakar, G., Nwobi, B.E., Apugo-Nwosu, T.U. and Batari, M.L. 2019. Effects of particle size on the yield of essential oil extracted from eucalyptus (Citriodora). Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7: 115-123.
[8] Jiang, G., Wu, Zh., Ameer, K., Li, Sh. and Ramachandraiah, K. 2020. Particle size of ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) insoluble dietary fiber and its effect on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. Applied Biological Chemistry, 63(70): 1-10.
[9] Zhao, Ch., He, X., Li, Ch., Yang, L., Fu, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, Y. and Ni, Y. 2016. A microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and extraction method for the separation of polysaccharides and essential oil from the leaves of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Applied Sciences, 6(19): 1-15.
[10] Hou, H., Bonku, E.M., Zhai, R., Zeng, R., Hou, Y., Yang, Zh. and Quan, C. 2019. Extraction of essential oil from Citrus reticulate Blanco peel and its antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes). Heliyon, 5: e02947.
[11] Tavakolizadeh, M., Hadian, Gh., Khoshayand, M.R. and Mojab, F. 2018. Effect of powder sizes, pH of water, ultrasound and method of distillation on extraction of fennel essential oil and anethole content. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(1): 35-44.
[12] Lainez-Cerón, E., Jiménez-Munguía, M.T., López-Malo, A. and Ramírez-Corona, N. 2021. Effect of process variables on heating profiles and extraction mechanisms during hydrodistillation of eucalyptus essential oil. Heliyon, 7: e08234.
[13] Chaouche, F.S.A., Mouhouche, F., Hazzit, M. and Ferradji, A. 2017. Optimization of extraction yield of Algerian Mentha pulegium L. essential oil by ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation using response surface methodology. Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 11: 142-149.
[14] Larkeche, O., Zermanea, A., Meniai, A.H., Boubadja, H., Boulbai, S. and Kouis, H. 2017. Experimental study of hydrodistillation extraction essential oil from rosemary leaves: optimization of process variables using box-behnken experimental design. The 8th International Renewable Energy Congress, 21-23 March, Jordan.
[15] Anh, T,T., Duyen, L.T., Hang, L.M., Lam, T.D., Bach, L.G., Nguyen, D.Ch. and Toan, T.Q. 2019. Effect of drying temperature and storage time on Ocimum gratissimum Linn. leaf essential oil from Central Highlands, Vietnam. Materials Today: Proceedings, 18: 4648-4658.
[16] Mohammadi, H., Pourmohammad, P. and Hazrati, S. 2021. Phytochemical and physiological study of Satureja sahendica Bornm. essential oil and extract to water-deficit stress. Eco-Phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(1): 1-19. [Persian]
[17] Zarezadeh, A., Sefidkon, F., Tabaei Oghdaei, S.R., Mirhosseini, A. and Azizzadeh, M.R. 2016. Essential oil composition in cultivated accessions of Satureja sahendica Bornm. from Yazd province. Eco-Phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(1): 47-55. [Persian]
[18] Sefidkon, F., Tabayi Aghdayi, S.R., Ansari, M., Behrad, Z. and Asgari, F. 2015. Comparison of essential oil content and composition of seven populations of Satureja sahendica Bornm. in farm condition. Journal of Crop Improvement, 16(4): 779-794. [Persian]
[19] Dadashpour, M., Rasooli, I., Sefidkon, F., Zaad Hosseingholi, E. and Darvish Alipour Astaneh, Sh. 2013. Antimicrobial, antioxidative, superoxide anion radical scavenging and anti tyrosinase properties of Satureja sahendica Bornm. and Satureja hortensis L. essential oils. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(4): 616-627. [Persian]
[20] Tepe, B. and Cilkiz, M. 2016. A pharmacological and phytochemical overview on Satureja. Pharmaceutical
Biology, 54(3): 375-412.
[21] Güllüce, M., Sökmen, M., Daferera, D., Ağar, G., Ozkan, H., Kartal, N., Polissiou, M., Sökmen, A. and
Sahin, F. 2003. In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol
extracts of herbal parts and callus cultures of Satureja hortensis L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(14): 3958-3965.
[22] Kayhani, A., Sefidkon, F. and Monfared, A. 2014. The effect of drying and distillation methods on essential oil content and composition of Satureja sahendica Bornm. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30(2): 239-249. [Persian]
[23] Ghamari, H., Saidi, M., Ghaasemnejaad, A. and Ghanbari, A.R. 2016. Evaluation of phytochemical composition of Sahandian savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) essential oils at different phenological stages. Journal of Agroecology, 8(1): 1-16. [Persian]
[24] Pourmortazavi, S.M. and Hajimirsadeghi, S.S. 2007. Supercritical fluid extraction in plant essential and volatile oil analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 1163(1-2): 2-24.
[25] Ballard, T.S., Mallikarjunan, P., Zhou, K. and O’Keefe, S. 2010. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidant compounds from peanut skins. Food Chemistry, 120 (4): 1185-1192.
[26] Jalili Safaryan, M., Ganjloo, A., Bimakr, M. and Zarringhalami, S. 2016. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction, preliminary characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from green pea pods. Foods, 5(4): 1-15.
[27] Esfahanizadeh, M., Ayatollahi, S.A., Goodarzi, A., Bayat, M., Ata, A. and Kobarfard, F. 2018. Development and validation of a GC/MS method for simultaneous determination of 7 monoterpens in two commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 17(2): 24-32.
[28] Besharati, N.Z., Bimakr, M. and Ganjloo, A. 2019. Effect of solvent type and extraction conditions on extraction yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extract containing bioactive compounds from aerial part of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 16(92): 11-21. [Persian]
[29] Habibzadeh, M., Sefidkon, F. and Fatemi, Sh. 2012. The effects of different mesh sizes, methods and periods of distillation on essential oil content and composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(2): 224-234. [Persian]