مرور جنبه های مختلف ضدعفونی در دامداری های شیری

نویسندگان
فرنوش لواف پور 1
فرزانه شجاعی آزاد 1
هنگامه صادقی 1
سمیه سیاهوشی 1
حمید عزت پناه 2
1 شرکت پاکروپارت-تهران-ایران
2 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران
10.52547/fsct.18.115.30
چکیده
چکیده

ضدعفونی نوک پستان دام از عملیات معمول و تعیین کننده­ی کنترل بیماری ورم پستان و حفظ کیفیت شیرخام محسوب می شود که به دو روش پیش و پس از دوشش انجام می گردد. برای پیشگیری از شیوع بیماری ورم پستان محیطی و مسری و همچنین کاهش بار میکروبی شیرخام از روش فروبردن یا افشاندن ماده ضدعفونی کننده استفاده می­شود. پژوهشگران بر این باورند که ضدعفونی پیش از دوشش، روشی کارآمد برای مقابله با ورم پستان محیطی و ضدعفونی پس از آن راه مناسبی برای مبارزه با ورم پستان مسری تحت بالینی است. ضدعفونی به روش فروبردن قبل از دوشش به طور موثری شمار باکتری­های شیر خام را کاهش می­دهد. اگرچه ضدعفونی نوک پستان پس از دوشش به طور قابل توجهی آلودگی­های میکروبی منتقل شده از لاینر و شست­وشو را کاهش می­دهد، موجب کاهش آلودگی انتقال یافته از دست دوشندگان، آب آبکشی و دستمال حوله­ای کاغذی نمی­شود. این ترکیبات در کشورهای عمده تولید کننده­ی شیر متفاوت است؛ مثلا در نیوزیلند حدود 70% این ترکیبات را یدوفور، 15% کلروهگزیدین و 15% دودسیل بنزن سولفونات تشکیل می­دهد. در این کشور از یدوفور تا غلظت 3/0% جهت ضدعفونی قبل و پس از دوشش استفاده می شود، اما حدود مجاز آن در انگلستان 25/0-1/0% است. براساس مقررات آمریکا، اسپانیا و کانادا از کلروهگزیدین می­توان در محدوده­ی 5/0-11/0% استفاده کرد و مقدار مصرف دودسیل بنزن سولفونات در دانمارک و آمریکا حداکثر 2% است. اگر چه مصرف هیپوکلریت به عنوان ضدعفونی کننده پیش و پس از دوشش در غلظت­ 4-1/0% مطالعه شده، اما در انگلستان حداکثر مجاز آن 2/0 و در آمریکا و کانادا 3/0% است. معمولا کلروهگزیدین، دودسیل بنزن سولفات و ترکیبات آمونیوم چهارتایی پس از دوشش به کار می­روند. استفاده از باکتریوسین­ها در فرانسه رایج است و اخیرا آب الکترولیز شده­ی اندکی اسیدی نیز به عنوان ضدعفونی کننده­ی نوظهور عرضه شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
کیفیت شیرخام
ضدعفونی نوک پستان دام
بیماری ورم پستان
سلول سوماتیک
شمارش میکروبی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Review of various aspects of disinfection in dairy farms

نویسندگان English

Farnoush Lavaf pour 1
Farzaneh Shojaei Azad 1
Hengameh Sadeghi 1
Somayeh Siahvoshi 1
Hamid Ezzatpanah 2
1 2nd, No10, Afarand Ave, Farzin Ave, Bagherkhan Ave, Tehran, IRAN
2 Department Food Science and Technology-Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran
چکیده English

A common practice and crucial step to control mastitis and maintain the high-quality of raw milk is teat disinfection which divides into pre-, immediately prior to, and post-milking. Accordingly, dipping and spraying procedures have been applied to prevent environmental and contagious mastitis as well as reduction of microbial load of raw milk. Quantitative tests such as somatic cell counts in raw milk are commonly used to monitor dramatic change of normal to sub-clinical (250000≤ cell mL-1), and clinical infected udder. It is assumed that pre-milking disinfection is a suitable strategy to tackle sub-clinical environmental mastitis whereas post-milking method is recommended to manage contiguous one. Pre-dipping effectively declines bacterial count in raw milk. Although, post-milking disinfection significantly reduces microbial contamination from liner and cleaning step, it is not effective on bacterial load from hands of milker, rinse water and used paper towel. The usage of disinfectants in major milk producer countries varies extensively, for instance more than two third of teat disinfectants in New Zealand is iodophor, followed by 15% chlorhexidine and 15% dodecylbenzene sulphonate. Iodophor has been used as pre- and post- sanitizer in concentration of 0.3% but it is allowable from 0.1-0.25% in UK. According to the regulations of the USA, Spain, and Canada, chlorhexidine can be used in the range of 0.11-0.5%, meanwhile Danish and Americans’ law regulated the usage of dodecylbenzene sulphonate in the vicinity of 2%. Hypochlorite has been taken into account as pre- and post- sanitizer from 0.1 to 4 % but regulated up to 0.2 in UK and 0.3% in US and CA. Likewise chlorhexidine, dodecylbenzene sulphonate, and quaternary ammonium compounds are used as post-milking. Bacteriocin is a teat disinfectant in France whereas slightly acidic electrolyzed water has been introduced as emerging pre- and post- sanitizer.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Raw milk quality
Teat disinfectant
Mastitis
Somatic cell
Microbial count
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