ارزیابی زنده‌مانی باکتری‌های آغازگر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی در ماست فراسودمند غنی شده با پودر جوانه گندم و مخلوط اسانس های فرآوری شده گیاهی

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه ارومیه
2 دانشگاه ایلام
چکیده
با توجه به تقاضای روز افزون جوامع پیشرفته برای مصرف غذاهای فراسودمند بویژه در محصولات لبنی استفاده از مواد بر پایه طبیعی مثل اسانس­های گیاهی در زمینه غنی سازی محصولات غذایی با ترکیبات ضد میکروبی و آنتی اکسیدانی آن ها و همچنین به­کارگیری پودر جوانه گندم به عنوان یک منبع غنی فیبر های رژیمی و ویتامین­ها و مواد معدنی و اثرات آن­ها بر روی زنده مانی باکتری­های آغازگر (به دلیل نقش بارز آن ها در بهبود سلامتی انسان) امری ضروری به نظر می رسد. بررسی اثرات استفاده از اسانس­های فرآوری شده و پودر جوانه گندم به صورت همزمان در ماست در این تحقیق مد نظر قرار گرفته است.

ویژگی­های حسی، فیزیکوشیمیایی و شمارش باکتری­های آغازگر ماست قالبی شامل استرپتوکوکوس ترموفیلوس و لاکتو باسیلوس بولگاریکوس در طی مدت نگهداری برای مطالعه اثر همزمان اسانس های گیاهی و پودر جوانه گندم مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. اسانس­های به کار رفته شامل ترخون و آویشن با نسبت های مختلف و در سه سطح (400، 1200، 2000 میکرولیتر در لیتر ماست) بودند. آزمون­های فیزیکوشیمیایی ماست مثل اسیدیته و ظرفیت نگهداری آب، آزمون حسی به روش هدونیک، آزمون رئولوژی (ویسکوزیته ظاهری) و آزمون­های شمارش میکروبی برای بررسی زنده مانی باکتری های آغازگر خود ماست در طی مدت نگهداری 14 روزه در این تحقیق انجام گرفتند.

بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از آنالیز واریانس نمونه های مورد آزمون، غلظت اسانس به طور معنی داری (p<0.05)، اسیدیته محصول، ویژگی های حسی و زنده مانی باکتری های آغازگر را کاهش داده است اما بر روی ویسکوزیته و ظرفیت نگهداری آب ماست اثر معنی داری نداشته است. آویشن و پودر جوانه گندم به ویژه در غلظت­های بالا، تاثیر منفی و نامطلوب از خود نشان دادند. آویشن اثر ضد میکربی بالاتری را روی باکتری­های آغازگر ماست داشتند در حالی که ترخون فعالیت ضد میکربی کمتری را از خود نشان داد. امتیاز حسی نمونه های حاوی ترخون در حین نگهداری اندکی افزایش داشته است لذا در مجموع ترخون مستعد به کارگیری در تولید ماست می­باشد. پودر جوانه گندم ابتدا اثر افزایشی (تا حدود 3 درصد) و سپس کاهشی را بر روی اسیدیته محصول در طی زمان نگهداری ماست داشته است. همچنین، افزودن پودر جوانه گندم باعث افزایش ویسکوزیته و ظرفیت نگهداری آب در محصول شده اما در مقادیر بالا امتیاز حسی را کاهش­می دهد و بنابراین مصرف آن در ماست باید به صورت کنترل شده باشد. به طور کلی پودر جوانه گندم بر روی زنده مانی هر دو باکتری آغازگر شمارش شده در این تحقیق اثر مثبتی داشته که می­تواند به دلیل تامین مواد مغذی برای رشد بیشتر آن­ها باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of the viability of starter bacteria and physicochemical properties in functional yogurt enriched with wheat germ powder and a mixture of processed plant essential oils

نویسندگان English

Rasool Kalori 1
Mahmoud Rezazadbari 1
Mohamad Alizadeh 1
Hamed Hassanzadeh 2
1 Urmia University
2 Ilam University
چکیده English

According to the increasing demand of advanced societies for the consumption of functional foods, especially in dairy products, the use of natural-based materials such as plant essences in the field of enriching food products with their antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds, as well as the use of wheat germ powder as a rich source of dietary fibers and vitamins and minerals and their effects on the viability of starter bacteria (due to their prominent role in improving human health) are seem to be necessary. Investigating the effects of using processed essential oils and wheat germ powder simultaneously in yogurt is considered in this research.

Sensory, physicochemical characteristics and bacterial conting of set yogurt including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, were tested during the storage period to study the simultaneous effect of plant essential oils and sprouted wheat powder. The essential oils used included tarragon and thyme with different proportions and at three levels (400, 1200, 2000 microliters per liter of yogurt). Yogurt physicochemical tests such as acidity and water holding capacity, hedonic sensory test, rheology test (apparent viscosity) and microbial count tests were conducted to check the viability of starter bacteria in yogurt during the 14-day storage period.

Based on the results obtained from the analysis of variance of the tested samples, the concentration of essential oil significantly (p<0.05) reduced the acidity and viability of starter bacteria of the product, but it had not a significant effect on the viscosity the sensory characteristics. In this regard, thyme and wheat germ powder showed a negative and unfavorable effect, especially in high concentrations.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Viability
Starter bacteria
Yogurt
Essential oil
Wheat germ powder
Functional Food
[1] Villaño, D., Gironés-Vilapana, A., GarcíaViguera, C. & Moreno, D. A. 2016. Development of Functional Foods. Innovation Strategies in the Food Industry, 191–210.
[2] Tur, J. A., and Bibiloni, M. M. 2016. Functional Foods. Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 157–161.
[3] Hosseini, M. Lashkari, F. and Qanbarzadeh, B. 2019. The effect of the combination of inulin-gelatin and polydextrose-gelatin hydrocolloids on the rheological and sensory properties of prebiotic low-fat yogurt. Food Industry Research. 30(4), 123-135. [In Persian]
[4] Mohammadi, R. Rouzitalab, A. Shahabbaspour, Z. and Mortazavian, A. 2013. Study of microbiological, biochemical and organoleptic properties in the starter soy yoghurt. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol. 7 (5):149-158 [In Persian]
[5] Shakerian, A. Sohrabi, M. J. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. 2012. Effect of Bakhtiari celery (Kelussia odoratissma Mozaff) on sensory properties and shelf life of set yogurt. Journal of Medicinal Herbs. 3(1): 41-48. [In Persian]
[6] Habibi, S. Ehteshamnia, A. Fatehi, F. and Ghaderi, A. 2020. Investigation of γ-Terpinene synthesis and α- Terpinene synthesis reductoisomerase genes expression and its relation to monoterpene carvacrol biosynthesis in Thymus vulgaris cv. ‘Varico 3’. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal. 9 (2) :161-169 [In Persian]
[7] Nowrozi, F. Hojjati, M. Joyndeh, H. and Barzegar, H. 2017. Using tarragon essential oil in mayonnaise as a natural antioxidant. Food Industry Research. 28(3), 85-99 [In Persian]
[8] Khajeh, N. and Mohammadi, N. 2022. Investigating the effect of degumming coating containing two essential oils of Shirazi thyme and tarragon on the chemical composition and texture of fried potato wedges. Food industry engineering research. Doi: 10.22092/FOODER.2021.353821.1298. [In Persian]
[9] Hassanzadeh, H., Alizadeh, M., and Bari, M. R. 2016. Kinetic Modeling and Optimization of Milk Coagulation Affected by Several Prevalent Cheesemaking Factors and Essence Addition. International Journal of Food Engineering. 12(5): 421-428.

[10] Hassanzadeh, H., Ghanbarzadeh, B., Galali, Y., and Bagheri, H. 2022. The physicochemical properties of the spirulina‐wheat germ‐enriched high‐protein functional beverage based on pear‐cantaloupe juice. Food Science & Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2963
[11] Aryana, K. J., & Olson, D. W. 2017. A 100-Year Review: Yogurt and other cultured dairy products. Journal of Dairy Science. 100(12): 9987-10013.
[12] Bintsis, T. 2018. Lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures: An update in their metabolism and genetics. AIMS microbiology. 4(4): 665-684.
[13] Chollet, M., Gille, D., Schmid, A., Walther, B., and Piccinali, P. 2013. Acceptance of sugar reduction in flavored yogurt. Journal of dairy science. 96(9): 5501-5511.
[14] Pang, Z., Xu, R., Luo, T., Che, X., Bansal, N., & Liu, X. 2019. Physiochemical properties of modified starch under yogurt manufacturing conditions and its relation to the properties of yogurt. Journal of food engineering. 245: 11-17.
[15] Iranian National Standard, Number 2852. 2006. Milk and its products, the determination of acidity and pH, the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. [in Persian]
[16] Santiago-García, P. A., Mellado-Mojica, E., León-Martínez, F. M., Dzul-Cauich, J. G., López, M. G., and García-Vieyra, M. I. 2021. Fructans (agavins) from Agave angustifolia and Agave potatorum as fat replacement in yogurt: Effects on physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties. LWT. 140, 110846.
[17] Mehdizadeh, T., Mojaddar Langroodi, A., Shakouri, R., and Khorshidi, S. 2019. Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of starter yogurt enhanced with Anethum graveolens essential oil. Journal of food safety. 39(5): e12683..
[18] Bahrami, B. Alizadeh, M., and Hassanzadeh, H. 2017. Kinetic Analysis of Antioxidant Changes in Domestic Cheese with Haven Extract Made in Clay Jugs during the Proteolysis Progress. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 12(2): 87-95. [in Persian]
[19] Hasanzadeh, H. Alizadeh, M., and Rezazad Bari, M. 2017. Production and assessment of physicochemical characteristics and encapsulation efficiency of garlic essential oil nanoemulsions. Journal of Food Research. 27(4): 159-170. [in Persian]
[20] Mahmoudi, R., Zare, P., Hassanzadeh, P., and Nosratpour, S. 2014. Effect of T eucrium polium Essential Oil on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Starter Yoghurt. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 38(3), 880-888.
[21] Arslan, D., Ünver, A., and Özcan, M. 2005. Essential oil flavored yoghurt: physicochemical, microbiological and sensory, 36th International Symposium on Essential Oils, 4-7 September, Budapest, Hungary, Properties.p88.
[22] Keshavarzi, M., Sharifan, A. and Yasini Ardakani, S. A. 2021. Effect of the ethanolic extract and essential oil of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. on protein, physicochemical, sensory, and microbial characteristics of starter yogurt during storage time. Food Science & Nutrition. 9(1): 197-208.
[23] Ghalem, B. R., and Zouaoui, B. 2013. Microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory quality aspects of yoghurt enriched with Rosmarinus officinalis oil. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(2): 192-198.
[24] Ghelich, S., Ariaii, P., and Ahmadi, M. 2022. Evaluation of Functional Properties of Wheat Germ Protein Hydrolysates and Its Effect on Physicochemical Properties of Frozen Yogurt. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 28(2): 1-12.
[25] Afonso, I. M., and Maia, J. M. 1999. Rheological monitoring of structure evolution and development in stirred yogurt, Journal of Food engineering. 12: 183– 190.
[26] Pang, Z., Deeth, H., Prakash, S., and Bansal, N. 2016. Development of rheological and sensory properties of combinations of milk proteins and gelling polysaccharides as potential gelatin replacements in the manufacture of stirred acid milk gels and yogurt. Journal of Food Engineering, 169, 27-37.
[27] Pol, I. E., Mastwijk, H. C., Slump, R. A., Popa, M. E., and Smid, E. J. 2001. Influence of food matrix on inactivation of Bacillus cereus by combinations of nisin, pulsed electric field treatment and carvacrol, Journal of Food Protection. 64(7): 1012– 1018.
[28] Mahmmodi, P., Khoshkhoo, Z., Basti, A. A., Shotorbani, P. M., and Khanjari, A. 2021. Effect of Bunium persicum essential oil, NaCl, Bile Salts, and their combinations on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus in starter yogurt. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods. 13(1): 37-48.
[29] Kamel, D. G., Hammam, A. R., Alsaleem, K. A., and Osman, D. M. 2021. Addition of inulin to starter yogurt: Viability of starter bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum) and sensory characteristics. Food Science & Nutrition. 9(3): 1743-1749.
[30] Tamime, A. Y., and Robinson, R.K. 1999. Yogurt: science and technology (2nd ed). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
[31] Bayoumi, S. 1992. Bacteriostatic effect of some spices and their utilization in the manufacture of yoghurt, Chem. Mikrobiol. Technol. Lebensm. 14(2): 21-26.
[32] Simsek, B., Sagdic, O., and Ozcelik, S. 2007. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ‎during the storage of Ayran produced with different spices, Journal of Food Engineering. ‎‎78(2):676-680.‎
[33] Karajhian R. 2005 The effect of essential oils and extracts Ziziphora clinopodioiedes on pathogenic bacteria and increase the possibility of shelf life of yogurt by adding them. Ferdowsi university of mashhad, M. C. Faculty of Agriculture; [in Persian].
[34] Yangilar, F., and Yildiz, P. O. 2018. Effects of using combined essential oils on quality parameters of bio‐yogurt. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 42(1): e13332.
[35] Demirci, T., Aktaş, K., Sözeri, D., Öztürk, H. İ., and Akın, N. 2017. Rice bran improve starter viability in yoghurt and provide added antioxidative benefits. Journal of Functional Foods. 36: 396-403.
[36] Sarabi M, Niazmand R, Abedinia A R. 2008. Thyme essential oil effect on the activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus, a starter yoghurt starter bacteria; Eighteenth National Congress of Food Science and Technology Iran, Mashhad . [in Persian]