Journal of food science and technology(Iran)

Journal of food science and technology(Iran)

Investigation of physical, antioxidant and structural properties of edible films based on carboxymethyl cellulose containing okra mucilage and black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) oil

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
fariba shekar 1
Afshin Javadi 2
Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi 3
Hamed Hamishehkar 4
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Mamaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mamaghan, Iran.
2 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary, Tabriz Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
10.48311/fsct.2026.83677.0
Abstract
  The purpose of this work was to establish the biocomposite films made from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1% w/v), okra mucilage (OM) (1-3% w/v) and black cumin seed oil (BSO) (0-0.5% v/v). The impact of OM and BSO concentrations on the properties of biocomposite films including the thickness, density, water vapor permeability, water solubility, antioxidant activity, color and microstructure properties was evaluated by response surface methodology. The results demonstrated that the water solubility and water vapor barrier properties of fabricated films increased at higher OM concentrations, whereas by increasing BSO concentrations, these parameters decreased. The parameters of redness (a*), total color difference value (∆E) and yellowness index (YI) have incremental trend after incorporating higher OM and BSO concentrations, while the lightness (L*) and whiteness index (WI) displayed a decline. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) and total phenolic content (TPC) of films increased by increasing okra mucilage concentrations, on the contrary the incorporation of BSO at higher concentrations caused a diminish in antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Meanwhile, the AFM images indicated that the roughness parameters (Ra, Rq) increased by increasing okra mucilage and black seed oil concentrations. According to the analysis of variance, the proposed model was significant for the all parameters (p < 0.05), except for the yellowness parameter (b*), for which none of the models were statistically significant (p > 0.05). Based on optimization, the optimal film was obtained with a proportion of 1% OM and 0.5% BSO, with a desirability score of 0.75. The recorded SEM images of the microstructural cross-sectional films indicated that the porosity and discontinuity increased by increasing okra mucilage amount, in contrast higher concentrations of black seed oil led to a decrease in porosity of cross-sectional films. Additionally, FTIR analysis confirmed the occurrence of new intermolecular interactions in the film matrix.   
 
Keywords
Biocomposite Film
Okra Mucilage
Black Seed Oil
Microstructure Properties
Hydrophilic Nature
Hydrophobic Nature

Subjects

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