Journal of food science and technology(Iran)

Journal of food science and technology(Iran)

Fortification of Greek Yogurt with Honey, Ginger Extract, and Rice Bran: Effects on Colorimetric and Sensory Attributes during Storage

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
10.48311/fsct.2026.84040.0
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of fortified Greek yogurt with honey (3% and 6% by weight/weight), ginger extract (1% and 2% by volume/weight), and rice bran (3% and 6% by weight/weight) on its colorimetric properties and sensory attributes over a storage period of seven days. A comprehensive colorimetric analysis (L*, a*, b*, chroma, hue angle, whiteness index) and sensory evaluation (color, odor, taste, texture, consistency, overall acceptability) were performed. Colorimetric analysis revealed a significant increase in redness and yellowness in fortified formulations compared to the control. The highest redness intensity was observed in yogurt containing 6% honey, 1% ginger extract, and 6% rice bran, while an inverse relationship was identified between rice bran content and brightness. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that the control sample had the highest overall acceptability, followed by yogurt formulation containing 6% honey, 2% ginger extract, and 3% rice bran. Increased honey concentrations improved acceptability, whereas higher rice bran content negatively influenced color perception. These findings provide valuable insights into the formulation of fortified Greek yogurt, emphasizing the importance of balancing colorimetric properties and sensory attributes to optimize consumer acceptance. Future research should focus on refining ingredient ratios, evaluating long-term storage stability and employing more complex experimental designs with additional factor levels to enhance the functionality and appeal of fortified yogurt products.
Keywords
Subjects

[1]   D. A. Savaiano and R. W. Hutkins, “Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: A systematic review,” Nutr. Rev., vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 599–614, 2021.
[2]   M. Samtiya, R. E. Aluko, T. Dhewa, and J. M. Moreno-Rojas, “Potential health benefits of plant food-derived bioactive components: An overview. Foods 2021, 10, 839.”
[3]   R. J. McCrary, “The Impact of Yogurt Consumption on Life Expectancy,” Sci. Insights, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 1029–1034, 2023.
[4]   C. Le Morvan de Sequeira, C. Hengstberger, P. Enck, and I. Mack, “Effect of probiotics on psychiatric symptoms and central nervous system functions in human health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 621, 2022.
[5]   N. Shah, “Yogurt| the product and its manufacture,” 2003.
[6]   R. Gyawali, X. Feng, Y. P. Chen, J. M. Lorenzo, and S. A. Ibrahim, “A review of factors influencing the quality and sensory evaluation techniques applied to Greek yogurt,” J. Dairy Res., vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 213–219, 2022.
[7]   C. E. Jørgensen, R. K. Abrahamsen, E.-O. Rukke, T. K. Hoffmann, A.-G. Johansen, and S. B. Skeie, “Processing of high-protein yoghurt–A review,” Int. Dairy J., vol. 88, pp. 42–59, 2019.
[8]   C. Schmidt, S. Mende, D. Jaros, and H. Rohm, “Fermented milk products: effects of lactose hydrolysis and fermentation conditions on the rheological properties,” Dairy Sci. Technol., vol. 96, pp. 199–211, 2016.
[9]   J. Lunn and J. L. Buttriss, “Carbohydrates and dietary fibre,” Nutr. Bull., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 21–64, 2007.
[10] X. Wang, Y. Qi, and H. Zheng, “Dietary polyphenol, gut microbiota, and health benefits,” Antioxidants, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 1212, 2022.
[11] S. Sapwarobol, W. Saphyakhajorn, and J. Astina, “Biological functions and activities of rice bran as a functional ingredient: A review,” Nutr. Metab. Insights, vol. 14, p. 11786388211058560, 2021.
[12] Y. Yu, J. Zhang, J. Wang, and B. Sun, “The anti-cancer activity and potential clinical application of rice bran extracts and fermentation products,” RSC Adv., vol. 9, no. 31, pp. 18060–18069, 2019.
[13] Y. Yu, G. K. Gaine, L. Zhou, J. Zhang, J. Wang, and B. Sun, “The classical and potential novel healthy functions of rice bran protein and its hydrolysates,” Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 62, no. 30, pp. 8454–8466, 2022.
[14] P. V. Rao, K. T. Krishnan, N. Salleh, and S. H. Gan, “Biological and therapeutic effects of honey produced by honey bees and stingless bees: a comparative review,” Rev. Bras. Farmacogn., vol. 26, pp. 657–664, 2016.
[15] Y. Ranneh et al., “Honey and its nutritional and anti-inflammatory value,” BMC Complement. Med. Ther., vol. 21, pp. 1–17, 2021.
[16] J. Dhanik, N. Arya, and V. Nand, “A review on Zingiber officinale,” J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 174–184, 2017.
[17] Q.-Q. Mao et al., “Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe),” Foods, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 185, 2019.
[18] U. Santo Grace and M. Sankari, “Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Zingiber Officinale-an in vitro Study,” J. Pharm. Sci. Res., vol. 9, no. 9, p. 1417, 2017.
[19] A. K. Rashwan, A. I. Osman, and W. Chen, “Natural nutraceuticals for enhancing yogurt properties: a review,” Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol. 21, no. 3. pp. 1907–1931, 2023. doi: 10.1007/s10311-023-01588-0.
[20] S. Melia, I. Juliyarsi, and Y. F. Kurnia, “Physicochemical properties, sensory characteristics, and antioxidant activity of the goat milk yogurt probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici BK01 on the addition of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum rhizoma),” Vet. World, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 757, 2022.
[21] O. OM, G. A. Gyebi, S. Raheemat, M. M. Fabusiwa, and C. O. O. Olaiya, “Antioxidant, nutritional and physicochemical quality of yoghurt produced from milk-based fermentation mix enhanced with food spices,” 2021.
[22] M. Adnan, S. N. M. Muda, J. Y. H. Tang, and A. Abd Ghani, “Bioscience Research”.
[23] A. Kennas, H. Amellal-Chibane, F. Kessal, and F. Halladj, “Effect of pomegranate peel and honey fortification on physicochemical, physical, microbiological and antioxidant properties of yoghurt powder,” J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 99–108, 2020.
[24] I. Felfoul, M. Borchani, O. Samet-Bali, H. Attia, and M. A. Ayadi, “Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinalis) addition on fermented bovine milk: Rheological properties, sensory attributes and antioxidant potential,” J. New Sci., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 2400–2409, 2017.
[25] A. Amjad et al., “Improving the probiotics viability and quality characteristics of yoghurt enriched with barley bran,” Uluslararası Tarım Araştırmalarında Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Derg., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 362–380, 2021.
[26] N. Farkye, K. Smith, F. T. Schonrock, D. E. C. US, and V. LaGrange, “An overview of changes in the characteristics, functionality and nutritional value of skim milk powder (SMP) during storage,” J. Dairy Sci., 2001.
[27] T. Demirci, K. Aktaş, D. Sözeri, H. İ. Öztürk, and N. Akın, “Rice bran improve probiotic viability in yoghurt and provide added antioxidative benefits,” J. Funct. Foods, vol. 36, pp. 396–403, 2017.
[28]    S. Manzoor, Y.A. Yusof, I.S. Amin Tawakkal, and M. Fikry, “Quality Characteristics and Sensory Profile of Stirred Yogurt Enriched with Papaya Peel Powder,” Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sc, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 519 - 533 , 2019.
[29]    A. Buchilina, and K. Aryana, “Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of camel milk yogurt as influenced by monk fruit sweetener,” J. Dairy Sci,  vol. 104, no. 2, pp.1484-1493, 2021.
[30] D. G. Liem, M. Mars, and C. De Graaf, “Sweet preferences and sugar consumption of 4-and 5-year-old children: role of parents,” Appetite, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 235–245, 2004.
[31] H. P. Simon, R. Chandra, S. Shukla, and S. S. Singh, “Sensory evaluation of probiotic herbal yoghurt with ginger and garlic extract,” Pharma Innov. J., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 605–607, 2018.
[32] C. Nisa, V. Aprilia, and L. S. Nadia, “Substitution of rice brand had the impact on organoleptic properties and nutritional value of yogurt,” J. Gizi dan Diet. Indones. (Indonesian J. Nutr. Diet., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 23–27, 2019.
[33] T. F. Djaafar and E. S. Rahayu, “Karakteristik yogurt dengan inokulum Lactobacillus yang diisolasi dari makanan fermentasi tradisional,” J. Agros, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 73–80, 2006.
[34] C. K. Ningtyas and A. E. P. Haskito, “Comparison of acceptability analysis of goat milk yogurt fortification with various rice bran flour,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2020, p. 12012.