توسعه یک روش استخراج مبتنی بر حلال‌های یونی مغناطیسی برای اندازه‌گیری باقیمانده آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های تتراسایکلین، اکسی تتراسایکلین و انروفلوکساسین در نمونه پنیر به‌وسیله کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد سراب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سراب، ایرانوگروه بیوتکنولوژی مواد غذایی، مرکز تحقیقات بیوتکنولوژی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
2 مرکز ایمنی غذا و دارو، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایرانومرکز آنالیز دارویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 گروه علوم دامی، واحد سراب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سراب، ایران
چکیده
استفاده بیش از حد از آنتی بیوتیک‌ها در صنعت دامپروری سبب تجمع مقادیر باقیمانده آنها در مواد غذایی با منشاء حیوانی مانند محصولات لبنی می‌شود. از آنجائیکه مصرف این مواد غذایی تأثیر منفی بر سلامتی انسان می‌گذارد لذا سازمان‌های نظارتی مانند اتحادیه اروپا حداکثر مجاز باقیمانده (MRLs) برای آنتی‌بیوتیکها در مواد غذایی با منشاء دامی تعیین کرده‌اند. هدف این تحقیق ارائه یک روش میکرواستخراج مبتنی بر حلال‌های یونی مغناطیسی برای پیش تغلیظ باقیمانده آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های تتراسایکلین، اکسی تتراسایکلین و انروفلوکساسین در پنیر و اندازه‌گیری آن‌ها به‌وسیله کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا مجهز به شناساگر آرایه دیودی بوده است. برای این منظور اثر پارامترهای مختلف موثر در کارایی استخراج مورد بررسی و بهینه‌سازی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که مقادیر باقیمانده اکسی‌تتراسایکلین و تتراسایکلین به ترتیب در 4 و 5 نمونه از پنیرهای آزمایش شده بیش از حدمجاز تعیین شده بود. باقیمانده انروفلوکساسین نیز در هیچ‌یک از نمونه‌ها یافت نشد. از مزایای روش استخراج پیشنهادی می‌توان به قدرت جداسازی بالا و امکان آنالیز مخلوط آنالیت ها با حساسیت بالا اشاره کرد به‌طوریکه تحت شرایط بهینه، درصد بازیافت آنالیت‌ها 91-80 و حدود تشخیص و اندازه‌گیری به ترتیب کمتر از 8/1 و 6 نانوگرم در گرم و بسیار کمتر از حد مجاز تعیین شده برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های هدف در پنیر (100 نانوگرم در گرم) بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Development of a deep eutectic solvent-based extraction method for determination of tetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Enrofloxacin residues in cheese sample by high performance liquid chromatography

نویسندگان English

جلیل خندقی 1
Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam 2
Samad Vajdi Hokmabad 3
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iranand Department of food Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranandPharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Department of Animal Science, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran
چکیده English

Excessive use of antibiotics in the animal husbandry causes the accumulation of their residual amounts in food of animal origin such as dairy products. Since the consumption of these foods has a negative effect on human health, authorized organizations such as the European :union: have set maximum residue limits (MRLs) for antibiotics in food of animal origin. This research aimed to present a magnetic ionic solvent based extraction procedure for preparation and preconcentration of tetracycline, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin residues in cheese samples and their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector. For this, the effect of various parameters on the extraction efficiency was investigated and optimized. The results showed that the residual amounts of oxytetracycline and tetracycline in 4 and 5 samples of the tested cheeses, respectively, were determined above the permissible limits. Enrofloxacin residue was not found in any of the samples. From the advantages of the proposed extraction method, we can point out the high separation power and the possibility of highly sensitive analyzing of mixed analytes, so that under optimized conditions, the recovery percentage ranges were 80-91. The limits of detection and quantification were respectively less than 1.8 and 6 ng/g, which is much lower than the MRLs set for target antibiotics in cheese (100 ng/g).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Antibiotic residues
Cheese
Deep Eutectic Solvent
HPLC
[1] Landers, T.F., Cohen, B., Wittum, T.E. and Larson, E.L. 2012. A review of antibiotic use in food animals: perspective, policy, and potential. Public health reports,127(1), 4-22.
[2] Rasi, H., AfsharMogaddam, M. and Khandaghi, J. 2021. Application of a new extraction method coupled to high performance liquid chromatography for tetracyclines monitoring in cow milk. Journal of food science and technology (Iran), 8(113), 339-349. [In Persian]
[3] Bacanlı, M. and Başaran, N. 2019. Importance of antibiotic residues in animal food. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 125:462-466.
[4] Zarean Baniasadi, F., Ahmadi, M., Rokni, N., Golestan, L. and Shahidi, S.A. 2019. Evaluation of four common antibiotic classes in the muscle and liver of chickens slaughtered tehran by LC-MS/MS. Veterinary Researches & Biological Products, 32(3):55-63.
[5] Ghasemi, R., Mirzaei, H., Afshar Mogaddam, M.R., Khandaghi, J. and Javadi, A. 2022. Application of magnetic ionic liquid-based air–assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by back-extraction optimized with centroid composite design for the extraction of antibiotics from milk samples prior to their determination by HPLC–DAD. Microchemical Journal, 181:107764.
[6] Mitra, S. and Brukh, R. 2003. Sample Preparation: An Analytical Perspective. In: Winefordner, J.D. Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry. Volume 162, 1st edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken. pp. 12-35.
[7] Mohebi, A., Samadi, M., Tavakoli, H.R. and Parastouei, K. 2020. Homogenous liquid–liquid extraction followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of some antibiotics from milk samples before their determination by HPLC. Microchemical Journal, 157:104988.
[8] Amini, R., Khandaghi, J. and Afshar Mogaddam, M.R. 2018. Combination of vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction and air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned doogh samples. Food Analytical Methods, 11(11):3267-3275.
[9] Meshkini, K., AfsharMogaddam, M. and Khandaghi, J. 2021. Development of Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Combination with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction and Assessment of Phytosterols in Animal Cream Samples using Gas Chromatography Equipped with Flame Ionization Detector. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, 16(2):57-67. [In Persian]
[10] Rastpour, N., Khandaghi, J., Farajzadeh, M.A. and Afshar Mogaddam, M.A. 2022. Deep eutectic solvent-based QuEChERS method combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction of benzoylurea insecticides in cabbage leaves samples. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,102(12):2778-2791.
[11] Gholizadeh, S., Mirzaei, H., Khandaghi, J., Afshar Mogaddam, M.R. and Javadi, A. 2022. Ultrasound–assisted solvent extraction combined with magnetic ionic liquid based-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of mycotoxins from tea samples. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 114:104831.
[12] Chandran, S. and Singh, R. 2007. Comparison of various international guidelines for analytical method validation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 62, 4-14.
[13] https://www.idbs.com/blog/2019/07/ich-m10-bioanalytical-method-validation-guideline-what-the-new-draft-means-for-bioanalysis. Access date: 11/24/2022.
[14] Jalili, V., Barkhordari, A. and Ghiasvand, A. 2020. New extraction media in microextraction techniques. A review of reviews. Microchemical Journal, 153:104386.
[15] Jeddy, M. and Khandaghi, J. 2019. Detection and quantification of phytosterols in yogurt using gas chromatography. Journal of food hygiene, 9, 59-71. [In Persian]
[16] Farajzadeh, M.A., Afshar Mogaddam, M.R. and Alizadeh Nabil A.A. 2015. Polyol‐enhanced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and nitrogen phosphorous detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous samples, fruit juices, and vegetables. Journal of separation science, 38(23):4086-4094.
[17] Khani, F., Khandaghi, J., Farajzadeh, M.A. and Afshar Mogaddam, M.R. 2021. Cold-induced Homogenous Liquid–Liquid Extraction Performed in a Refrigerated Centrifuge Combined with Deep Eutectic Solvent-based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Extraction of Some Endocrine Disrupting Compounds and Hydroxymethylfurfural from Honey Samples. Food Analytical Methods, 14(10):2063-2075.
[18] Santos, L.B., Assis, R.S., Barreto, J.A., Bezerra, M.A., Novaes, C.G. and Lemos, V.A. 2022. Deep eutectic solvents in liquid-phase microextraction: Contribution to green chemistry. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 146:116478.
[19] Amelin, V., Volkova, N., Timofeev, A. and Tret’yakov, A. 2015. QuEChERS sample preparation in the simultaneous determination of residual amounts of quinolones, sulfanilamides, and amphenicols in food using HPLC with a diode-array detector. Journal of analytical chemistry, 70(9):1076-84.
[20] Sereshti, H., Semnani Jazani, S., Nouri, N. and Shams, G. 2020. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Application for tetracyclines monitoring in milk. Microchemical Journal, 158, 105269.
[21] Antep, M., Kaynaker, M. and Merdivan, M. 2018. Determination of Tetracycline Residues After Ionic Liquid Assisted Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction in Dairy Foods. Journal of Science and Engineering, 20(59):645-662.
[22] Moudgil, P., Bedi, J.S., Aulakh, R.S., Gill, J.P.S. and Kumar, A. 2019. Validation of HPLC multi-residue method for determination of fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulphonamides and chloramphenicol residues in bovine milk. Food Analytical Methods,12(2):338-346.