Classification of some superior local apricot genotypes of Iran based on physical and geometrical attributes

Authors
Fojan Badii 1
Naser Bouzari 2
Forough Shavakhi 3
Zahra Rafiee Darsangi 3
1 Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
2 Horticultural Science Research Institute, Temperate Fruits Research Center, AgriculturalResearch, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
3 Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and ExtensionOrganization (AREEO)
10.22034/FSCT.20.137.74
Abstract
In this study some physical and geometrical properties of 11 superior apricot genotypes were determined. These properties such as respiration rate, fruit dimensions, perimeter, surface area, volume, compact factor, geometric mean diameter, projected area, shape factor, circularity, length to width ratio, length to thickness ratio, and length to mass ratio were measured at harvesting moisture content ranging from 75.19 to 87.67 %. Then the correlation among average values of the attributes was performed and the genotypes were classified using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that all the genotypes had significant differences in terms of all the studied attributes (P<0.01). There was a significant and positive correlation between fruit length and weight and fruit length and moisture content. Fruit shape factor and compression factor showed a positive and significant correlation, while these attributes had negative and significant correlations with circularity. This study showed that Iranian apricot genotypes could be discriminated by differences in their geometrical characteristics using principal component analysis. Based on the PCA results, the first two components account for the most of the variation in the data (91%) and five distinct groups were observed. Overall, the results of this study can be beneficial for the design of equipment for harvesting, transportation, separating, packaging, and processing of apricot fruit.
Keywords
apricot
Geometrical attributes
Physical attributes
Principal component analysis (PCA)
Respiration Rate

Subjects

[1] FAOSTAT. 2022. Production Quantity, Apricot. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#compare.
[2] Hacıseferogulları, H., Gezer I., Ozcan, M.M. and MuratAsma, B., 2007. Postharvest chemical and physical–mechanical properties of some apricot varieties cultivated in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering, 79: 364–373.
[3] Ahmadi, H., Fathollahzadeh, H. and Mobli, H., 2008. Some physical and mechanical properties of apricot fruits, pits and kernels (C. V. Tabarzeh). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 3 (5): 703–707.
[4] Gezer I, Haciseferogulları, H. and Demir, F., 2002. Some physical properties of Hacıhaliloglu apricot pit and its kernel. Journal of Food Engineering, 56: 49–57.
[5] Lo Bianco, R., Farina, V. Indelicato, S.G., Filizzola, F. and Agozzino, P., 2010.Fruit physical, chemical and aromatic attributes of early, intermediate and late apricot cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90: 1008–1019.
[6] Ali, S., Masud, T. and Abbasi, K. S., 2011. Physico-chemical characteristics of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) grown in Northern Areas of Pakistan. Scientia Horticulturae, 130: 386-392.
[7] Mratinić, E., Popovski,B., Milošević, T. and Popovska, M., 2011. Evaluation of apricot fruit quality and correlations between physical and chemical attributes. Czech Journal Food Science, 29(2): 161–170.
[8] Caliskan, O., Bayazit, S. and Sumbul, A., 2012. Fruit quality and phytochemical attributes of some apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars as affected by genotypes and seasons. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici. 40(2): 284-294.
[9] Bartolini, S., Leccese, A., Remorini D., Iacona, C. and Viti, R., 2018. Quality and antioxidant traits of organic apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) at harvest and after storage. European Journal of Horticultural Science. 83(1): 12–17.
[10] Association of Analytical Communities. (2005). Official methods of analysis of AOAC international (18th ed.). Gaithersburg: Association of Analytical Communities.
[11] Sahraei KhoshGardesh, A., Badii, F., Hashemi, M., Yasini Ardakani, A., Maftoonazad, N. and Mousapour Gorji, A., 2016. Effect of nanochitosan-based coating on climacteric behavior and postharvest shelf-life extension of Apple cv. Golab Kohanz. LWT Food Science and Technology, 70: 33-40.
[12] Khojastehnazhanda, M., Mohammadi, V. and Minaei, S., 2019. Maturity detection and volume estimation of apricot using image processing technique. Scientia Horticulturae, 251: 247–251.
[13] Wycislo, A.P., Clark, J.R. and Karcher, E., 2008. Fruit shape analysis of vitis using digital photography. Hortscience, 43(3): 677–680.
[14] Shavakhi, F., Bouzari, N., Badii, F. and Darsangi, R., 2022. Selection of superior local sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes of Iran for different applications of fresh consumption and processing. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran), 19(123): 119-132.
[15] Shavakhi, F., Moradi, P. and Rahmani, A., 2020. Quality classification of olive oil produced in some of the provinces of Iran using chemometric tools. Iranian Journal of Biosystem Engineering, 51 (2): 419-431.
[16] Jannatizadeh, A., Naderi Boldaji, M., Fatahi, R., Ghasemi Varnamkhasti, M. and Tabatabaeefar, A., 2008. Some postharvest physical properties of Iranian apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruit. International Agrophysics, 22: 125-131.
[17] Badenes, M.L., Martínez-Calvo, J. and Llácer, G., 1998. Analysis of apricot germplasm from the European ecogeographical group. Euphytica, 102: 93–99.
[18] Ruiz, D. and Egea, J., 2008. Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm. Euphytica, 163(1): 143–158.
[19] Asma B. M. and Ozturk, K., 2005. Analysis of morphological, pomological and yield characteristics of some apricot germplasm in Turkey, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 52: 305-313.
[20] Shavakhi, F., Boo, H.C., Osman, A. and Ghazali, H.M., 2011. Application of zNose for classification of enzymatically-macerated and steamed pumpkin using principal component analysis. International Food Research Journal, 18(1): 311-318.
[21] Bouzari, N., Khabbaz Jolfaee, H., Ahmadzadeh, S., Sadeghi Garmaroodi, H. and Hosseini, S.S., 2021. Exploitation of Plum Genetic Diversity to Identify Soil-Borne Fungi Resistance Rootstocks. International Journal of Fruit Science, 21(1): 681-692.
[22] Nazemi, Z., Zeinolabedini, M., Hallajian, M.T., Bouzari, N., Majidian, P. and Ebrahimi, M.A., 2016. Assessment of Iranian apricot cultivars resistant, susceptible and mutant to late spring frost. Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding, 4(2): 9-16.
[23] Pintea, A., Dulf, F.V., Bunea, A., Socaci, S.A., Pop, E.A., Opriță, V.A., Giuffrida, D., Cacciola, F., Bartolomeo, G. and Mondello, L., 2020. Carotenoids, Fatty Acids, and Volatile Compounds in Apricot Cultivars from Romania—A Chemometric Approach. Antioxidants, 9(7): 562.
[24] Kupe, M., Sayinci, B., Demir, B., Ercisli, S., Aslan, K.A., Gundesli, M.A., Baron, M. and Sochor, J., 2021. Multivariate Analysis Approaches for Dimension and Shape Discrimination of Vitis vinifera Varieties. Plants, 10(8): 1528.
[25] Shavakhi, F., Rahmani, A. and Moradi, P., 2021. Characterization of Iranian olive oils based on biophenolic minor polar compounds and their contribution to organoleptic properties. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(2): 365-376.