Evaluation of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant properties of Padina distromatic and Sargassum angustifulium Ultrasound extracts

Authors
khadijeh shirani 1
shilla safaeian 1
rezvan mousavi nadushan 1
Nahid Rahimifard 2
1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Food and Drug Control Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
10.52547/fsct.19.123.81
Abstract
In recent decades, the demand for the use of functional compounds in food and pharmaceutical products has increased. The aim of this study was to compare the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer's and antimicrobial properties of Padina distromatic and Sargassum angustifulium algae extracted by ultrasound. The results showed that butanoic acid was the most important substance in Padina and Sargasum extracts. Total content of polyphenols, flavonoids and IC50 index of Padina extract and sargasum 43.45 and 46.63 mg GAE/g, flavonoid content 24.59 and 55.40 mg QE/g and IC50 index 10.38 and 30.77 g/ml respectively. The inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of Padina and Sargassum algae extracts was 42.5% and 25.16%, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory results showed that nitric oxide inhibitory activity increased with increasing the concentration of both Padina and Sargassum algae extracts (from 50 to 400 mg / ml). However, Padina algae extract had the strongest NO inhibitory activity at all concentrations. Padina extract had more antimicrobial properties compared to the algae extract of sargassum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Padina extract at 12.5 mg/ml was obtained on Staphylococcus aureus. Padina extract at 50 mg/ml had a bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, Sargassum extract should be used as natural antioxidant and Padina extract as natural anti-Alzheimer's and antimicrobial components.
Keywords
Antioxidant
Brown marine algae
Functional component
Ultrasound
Anti-microbial properties

Subjects

1- Cox, S., Abu-Ghannam, N. and Gupta, S. (2010). An assessment of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of six species of edible Irish seaweeds. International Food Research Journal, 17(1), 205-220.
2- Duarte, M. E., Cardoso, M. A., Noseda, M. D. and Cerezo, A. S. (2001). Structural studies on fucoidans from the brown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum. Carbohydrate Research, 333(4), 281-293.
3- Yende, S. R., Harle, U. N. and Chaugule, B. B. (2014). Therapeutic potential and health benefits of Sargassum species. Pharmacognosy reviews, 8(15), 1.
4- Amini, F., Riahi, H. and Zolgharnain, H. (2013). Metal concentrations in Padina species and associated sediment from Nayband Bay and Bostaneh Port, northern coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran.
5- Rohani-Ghadikolaei, K., Abdulalian, E. and Ng, W. K. (2012). Evaluation of the proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition of representative green, brown and red seaweeds from the Persian Gulf of Iran as potential food and feed resources. Journal of food science and technology, 49(6), 774-780.
6- Devi K. N, Kumar T. T. and Balasubramanian T. (2014). Antibacterial and antioxidant effects from seaweed, Sargassum wightii (Greville, 1848) against marine ornamental fish pathogens. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine. 2014;2(10):773-83.
7- Kordjazi, M., Etemadian, Y., Shabanpour, B. and Pourashouri, P. (2019). Chemical composition antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fucoidan extracted from two species of brown seaweeds (Sargassum ilicifolium and S. angustifolium) around Qeshm Island. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18(3), 457-475.
8- Hlila, M. B., Hichri, A. O., Mahjoub, M. A., Mighri, Z., & Mastouri, M. (2017). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Padina pavonica and Enteromorpha sp. from the Tunisian Mediterranean coast. J. Coast. Life Med, 5, 336-342.
9- Pezeshkpour, V., Khosravani, S. A., Ghaedi, M., Dashtian, K., Zare, F., Sharifi, A. and Zoladl, M. (2018). Ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolic acids from broccoli vegetable and using sonochemistry for preparation of MOF-5 nanocubes: Comparative study based on micro-dilution broth and plate count method for synergism antibacterial effect. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 40, 1031-1038.
10- Hameed, I. H., Hussein, H. J., Kareem, M. A. and Hamad, N. S. (2015). Identification of five newly described bioactive chemical compounds in methanolic extract of Mentha viridis by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 7(7), 107-125.
11- Papandreou, M. A., Dimakopoulou, A., Linardaki, Z. I., Cordopatis, P., Klimis-Zacas, D., Margarity, M. and Lamari, F. N. (2009). Effect of a polyphenol-rich wild blueberry extract on cognitive performance of mice, brain antioxidant markers and acetylcholinesterase activity. Behavioural brain research, 198(2), 352-358.
12- Chang, C. C., Yang, M. H., Wen, H. M. and Chern, J. C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of food and drug analysis, 10(3).
13- Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E. and Berset, C. L. W. T. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food science and Technology, 28(1), 25-30.
14- Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres Jr, V. and Featherstone, R. M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical pharmacology, 7(2), 88-95.
15- Behbahani, B. A., Yazdi, F. T., Vasiee, A. and Mortazavi, S. A. (2018). Oliveria decumbens essential oil: Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity against the growth of some clinical and standard strains causing infection. Microbial pathogenesis, 114, 449-452.
16- Noshad, M., Hojjati, M. and Behbahani, B. A. (2018). Black Zira essential oil: Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity against the growth of some pathogenic strain causing infection. Microbial pathogenesis, 116, 153-157.
17- Ferrazzano, G. F., Scioscia, E., Sateriale, D., Pastore, G., Colicchio, R., Pagliuca, C. and Pagliarulo, C. (2017). In vitro antibacterial activity of pomegranate juice and peel extracts on cariogenic bacteria. BioMed research international, 2017.
18- Rosado-Espinosa, L. A., Freile-Pelegrín, Y., Hernández-Nuñez, E. and Robledo, D. (2020). A comparative study of Sargassum species from the Yucatan peninsula coast: morphological and chemical characterisation. Phycologia, 59(3), 261-271.
19- Moubayed, N. M., Al Houri, H. J., Al Khulaifi, M. M. and Al Farraj, D. A. (2017). Antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical composition of seaweeds collected from Saudi Arabia (Red Sea and Arabian Gulf). Saudi journal of biological sciences, 24(1), 162-169.
20- Das, U. (2011). Essential fatty acids enhance free radical generation and lipid peroxidation toinduce apoptosis of tumor cells. Clinical Lipidology, 6(4), 463-489.
21- Otero, Paz, Somaris E. Quintana, Guillermo Reglero, Tiziana Fornari, and Mónica R. García-Risco. (2018). “Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) as an Innovative Green Technology for the Effective Enrichment of Galician Algae Extracts with High Quality Fatty Acids and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties.” Marine Drugs 16(5).
22- Machu, Ludmila, Ladislava Misurcova, Jarmila Vavra Ambrozova, Jana Orsavova, Jiri Mlcek, Jiri Sochor, and Tunde Jurikova. (2015). “Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Algal Food Products.” Molecules 20(1):1118–33.
23- Franco, Daniel, Jorge Sineiro, Mónica Rubilar, Marivel Sánchez, María Jerez, Manuel Pinelo, Noelia Costoya, and María José Núñez. (2008). “Polyphenols from Plant Materials: Extraction and Antioxidant Power.” Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry 7(8):3210–16.
24- Gaysinski Marc, Ortalo-Magné Annick, P. Thomas Oliver and Culioli Gerald. (2015). Springer Protocols, Natural Products from Marine Algae. Vol. 2.
25- Barbalace, Maria Cristina, Marco Malaguti, Laura Giusti, Antonio Lucacchini, Silvana Hrelia, and Cristina Angeloni. )2019(. “Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Marine Algae in Neurodegenerative Diseases.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(12).
26- Olasehinde, Tosin A., Ademola O. Olaniran, Anthony I. Okoh, and Peter Koulen. )2017(. “Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease.” Molecules 22(3):1–18.
27- Murugan, A. C., Vallal, D., Karim, M. R., Govindan, N., Yusoff, M. and Rahman, M. M. (2015). In vitro antiradical and neuroprotective activity of polyphenolic extract from marine algae Padina australis H. J. Chem. Pharm. Res, 7, 355-362.
28- Ryu, G., Park, S. H., Kim, E. S., Choi, B. W., Ryu, S. Y., & Lee, B. H. (2003). Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of two farnesylacetone derivatives from the brown alga Sargassum sagamianum. Archives of pharmacal research, 26(10), 796-799.
29- Alghazeer, R., Elmansori, A., Sidati, M., Gammoudi, F., Azwai, S., Naas, H., Eldaghayes, I. (2017). In vitro antibacterial activity of flavonoid extracts of two selected libyan algae against multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from food products. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 5(01), 26.
30- Jaswir, I., Monsur, H. A., Simsek, S., Amid, A., Alam, Z., bin Salleh, M. N. and Octavianti, F. (2014). Cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide induced mammalian cell lines by aqueous extracts of brown seaweed. Journal of oleo science, 63(8), 787-794.
31- Giriwono, P. E., Iskandriati, D., Tan, C. P. and Andarwulan, N. (2020). In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, free radical (DPPH) scavenging, and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of Sargassum cristaefolium lipid-soluble fraction and putative identification of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS. Food Research International, 137, 109702.
32- Akbari, V., Safaiee, F. and Yegdaneh, A. (2020). Bioassay-Guided Fractionation and Antimicrobial Activities of Padina australis Extracts. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 15(4).
33- Maheswari, M. U., Reena, A. and Sivaraj, C. (2017). GC-MS analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the brown algae, Padina tetrastromatica. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(9), 4014-4020.
34- Abu-Khudir, R., Ismail, G. A. and Diab, T. (2021). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities of Sargassum linearifolium and Cystoseira crinita from Egyptian Mediterranean Coast. Nutrition and cancer, 73(5), 829-844.