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Rice is the staple food of the Iranian people and its pollution with heavy metals has irreparable dangers for consumers. The aim of this study is to find a way to reduce the absorption of heavy metals from rice. To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and parboiling process on heavy metals, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (N₁: 60, N₂: 80 and N₃:100 KgN /Ha) and parboiling at two levels of soaking temperature (C₁:50 and C₂:80 °C) and two levels of steaming time (T₁:10 And T₂:15 min) were applied. Induced plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine heavy metals. Increasing the soaking temperature and steaming time reduced all heavy metals, but changes in fertilizer levels had no significant effect on heavy metals. The interaction effects of the treatments showed that N₃C₁T₁ treatment had the highest percentage of weekly allowance for Cr and Ni (99% and 58%, respectively) and N₂C₁T₁ treatment had the highest percentage of weekly allowance for Mg and Cd (11% and 9.5%, respectively). Increasing the soaking temperature and steaming time minimizes the weekly intake of all heavy metals so that the N₂C₂T₂ treatment shows the lowest weekly intake of all heavy metals. In less heat and time, the remaining heavy metals cannot be ignored, so parboiling at higher temperatures and times is recommended to maintain consumer safety and health.

Keywords: Rice, Nitrogen, parboiling, Heavy metals, soaking, steaming

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