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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of telling social stories on the use of some morphological features of speech in children with autism such as adverb, adposition, possession, article, compound noun, adjective and plural form of noun. This is an Interventional, quasi-experimental single group study with a pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were selected by convenience sampling method which included 10 Persian-speaking aged 7 to15 years old with autism spectrum disorder, requiring support, from all autism population in Qazvin Autism Center in 2019. The framework was based on the model of Brown 1973 and Naigles 2014 (taken from the research of Tek et.al 2014). Social stories were designed and organized, based on the model of Gray 1993. The children of autism received the intervention program in 10 individual sessions 30 to 45 minutes. The pre-test and post-test comparison of morphological categories in visual test and spontaneous test showed that the average use of names and particles in the post test was more than the pre-test for all cases. The biggest difference is related to the adposition. The result of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed that the training had a significant effect only on the visual test and on the article (according to the average of the pre-test and post-test, the statistical value and significance level = p˂0.05). 

 

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This study employs graph theory to analyze the semantic network of Persian verbs among bilingual speakers. Situated within the frameworks of cognitive linguistics, lexical semantics (cognitive semantics), and computational linguistics, the research involves administering a questionnaire comprising 50 basic Persian verbs to participants, asking them to map the conceptual and intra-linguistic relationships between these verbs.The primary objective is to identify the most robust and frequent conceptual and intra-linguistic links among these verbs and to provide a detailed description of the graph structure constructed by bilingual speakers. The study seeks to address the question: What typology of conceptual and intra-linguistic relations is reflected in the graph patterns of non-Persian-speaking Iranians? The working hypothesis posits that semantic relations such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and collocation will manifest in this network.The methodology is field-based, and the instrument used is a localized questionnaire. Participants were instructed to diagrammatically represent any semantic relationships among the verbs provided.The findings demonstrate that the semantic graph constructed by Iranian bilinguals exhibits semantic relations such as synonymy (6.45%), reverse antonymy (34.94%), polysemy (7.79%), entailment (11.01%) (comprising "type-of" relations at 8.60% and "part-of" relations at 2.41%), as well as intra-linguistic collocation (28.22%). Among these, collocation, entailment, and antonymy were the most frequent relations, respectively. 

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of telling social stories on the use of some morphological features of speech in children with autism such as adverb, adposition, possession, article, compound noun, adjective and plural form of noun. This is an Interventional, quasi-experimental single group study with a pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were selected by convenience sampling method which included 10 Persian-speaking aged 7 to15 years old with autism spectrum disorder, requiring support, from all autism population in Qazvin Autism Center in 2019. The framework was based on the model of Brown 1973 and Naigles 2014 (taken from the research of Tek et.al 2014). Social stories were designed and organized, based on the model of Gray 1993. The children of autism received the intervention program in 10 individual sessions 30 to 45 minutes. The pre-test and post-test comparison of morphological categories in visual test and spontaneous test showed that the average use of names and particles in the post test was more than the pre-test for all cases. The biggest difference is related to the adposition. The result of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed that the training had a significant effect only on the visual test and on the article (according to the average of the pre-test and post-test, the statistical value and significance level = p˂0.05). 

 

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Aim: The aim of this study was comparing behavioral disorders in students with depressed and non-depressed mothers.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 35 (7-11 years old) children of depressed mothers as a case group and 35 children of healthy mothers as control group in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2015-16. The sample size was selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Research tools were Beck Depression Inventory, and Rutter behavioral disorders questionnaire. Data were analyzed using T-tests in the SPSS software (ver. 18).
Findings: Based on the findings of this study, more depressed mothers have children with more behavioral disorder. Aggression, hyperactivity, depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and anti-social behaviors were seen more among students with depressed mothers comparing to students with non-depressed mothers.
Conclusion: Maternal depression is related to a wide range of child outcomes, and the effects continue from birth into adulthood. Children of depressed mothers are two to three times more likely to develop a mood disorder, and are at increased risk for impaired functioning across multiple domains, including cognitive, social and academic functioning, and poor physical health. At the same time, many children of depressed mothers develop normally. Therefore, the key research goal is to understand the pathways and processes through which maternal depression affects children. Child psychological counseling and psychiatric management along with mothers’ treatment is advisable.

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GhairMonsaref nouns in Arabic include some numbers which, due to being descriptions and non-repetitive, are called Ma’dule numbers. The concept of Mosana and Solas and Roba’ in Quran consists of a series of such numbers that are grouped under Maf’al and Fo’al and can be found in verse 3 of Nisa and verse 1 of Fatir in Quran. Although some translators of Quran have stick to the idea of repetition while translating these numbers, many of them have offered translations that do not match this target meaning. This has created different and sometimes contradictory understandings in the minds of readers and has problematized the process of reading each verse. The present study adopts a descriptive-analytic approach in order to closely examine the meaning of Ma’dule numbers in Farsi translations of Quran. The semantic analysis of Ma’dule numbers highlights the idea of “repetition and variety” for Mosana and Solas and Roba’ at the same time as bringing forth the meaning of numbers and counting in the words. This sense is more in line with “binary, tertiary and fourfold” that can be used as translations for the above words.

 

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Biotic as well as abiotic factors may influence the biocontrol activity and population density of Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, limited studies have been carried out on the effects of extracellular metabolites of other competitor bacteria, especially on the biocontrol efficiency of P. fluorescens. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of the two P. fluorescens isolates UTPF68 & UTPF109 in the biocontrol of bean damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4), when applied individually or in combination with the culture filtrates of five rhizobia isolates (RH3 to RH7). Although all treatments reduced bean damping-off severity in comparison with the untreated control, RH4 + UTPF109 gave the lowest severity of damping-off (0.56 ,<1%). Beside the effect on disease control, seeds treatment with both P. fluorescens isolates individually or in combined treatments especially RH4+UTPF109 and RH6+UTPF68 significantly improved bean growth factors such as shoot and root fresh/dry weights. On the other hand, all tested rhizobia and P. fluorescens isolates especially, RH4, proved to be siderophore, HCN, IAA, and exopolysaccharide producers. Also, all tested bacteria except RH5 and RH7 produced chitinase. Furthermore, our in vitro studies demonstrated that the filtrates of tested rhizobia isolates can effectively increase the population density of both P. fluorescens isolates as a biotic factor. Thus, certain rhizobia seem to have a capacity to interact synergistically with P. fluorescens isolates having potential biocontrol activity.

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Salinity is among important soil stresses adversely affecting the process of nitrogen (N) fixation in leguminous plants in different parts of the world. It has been indicated that salinity can inhibit the early stages of nodulation process between bacterium and the host plant including the exchange of signal molecules (nod gene inducers). There has not been any research regarding the effects of nod gene inducers on the growth of alfalfa inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti under saline conditions. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to determine the effects of pre-incubation of S. meliloti with effective inducers of nod genes Luteolin, Methyl jasmonate and Genistein on the growth and N-fixation of two different alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars (Yazdi and Hamedani) under salt stress. Nod gene inducers increased alfalfa growth and N fixation under normal as well as under salt stressed conditions. Yazdi cultivar showed to be more tolerant to salinity than Hamedani with a higher growth rate and N fixation. Luteolin was the most effective nod gene inducer on plant growth and N fixation under normal and as well under salt stressed conditions. The results suggest that pre-incubation of S. meliloti with effective nod gene inducers can improve alfalfa growth and N fixation under salinity stress.

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The main aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of Nano-size Al2O3 on the mechanical properties and microstructure of multi-passes friction stir welding of Al 2024 lap joint. Nano particles were added into the joint line. A combination of rotational speed and travelling speeds were performed. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the microstructure and fracture surface of samples respectively. Optimum condition (sample) was selected due to highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS). It was seen that sample which included Nano particles and fabricated by 1400 rev/min rotational speed and 16 mm/min travelling speed in second pass of continues welding had improvement in UTS in comparison to one pass welded sample of particle free and after that increasing the number of passes reduce the UTS. The average micro hardness of the sample which was particle rich were increased in comparison to particle free sample in nugget zone. Increasing the number of passes was not effect average micro hardness in nugget zone significantly. Grain sizes were reduced by 2 passes welding and after that no significant reduction has been seen.

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Friction Stir Extrusion (FSE) is a modern one step process with high efficiency for conversion and recycling of materials which capable of producing Nano-engineered material via production with good deformability, mechanical and physical properties. Novelty of this production technique is utilization of frictional heat and severe plastic deformation for material flowing, mechanical alloying and finally amendment of powder, chips and other recyclable scraps directly to useful products. Sample’s microstructure was revealed and average grain size was gained for 18 samples. Experimental parameters by use of design of experiments for two factors and analysis of variance were investigated and by the use of experimental results were validated. In this study, the effect of rotational speed in 3 levels and plunge rate in 2 levels were examined on microstructure of produced wires via FSE process. Based on process parameters, there is an equation for grain size prediction was presented by using full factorial design of experiment. Furthermore, normal possibility diagram and residual versus order based on residual theorem were evaluated for systematic error entry and reliability to experimental results. The efficient region on contour diagram reveals that suitable condition of minimum grain size and maximum strength occurred at 250 rpm for rotational speed and 14 mm/min for feed rate. It should be noted that analysis of variance showed that rotational speed, feed rate and interaction of rotational speed and feed rate respectively have a meaningful effect on the grain size of produced wire.

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In the present study, the extract containing bioactive compounds from marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) medicinal plant was extracted using water, ethanol, acetone, ethanol/water and acetone/water as solvent. Among the solvents studied, the ethanolic extract contained the highest total phenolic compounds. The effect of the solvent to raw material ratio (40:1-10:1 mL/g) and particle size (0.5-2.36 mm) on the quantitative and qualitative properties of ethanolic extract at ambient temperature (25°C) were investigated. Based on the results, the highest crude extraction yield and total phenolic compounds equal to 3.5 ± 0.17% and 36.94 ± 0.81 mg GAE/gram of sample was obtained using a ratio of 30:1 mL/g and a particle size of 1 mm at ambient temperature. At the concentration of 1 mg/ml, the antioxidant activity of the extract was 62.95 ± 2.68 % and 153.18 ± 1.20 μΜ Fe²⁺/L, respectively. The high correlation coefficient (R²>09594) between total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity indicates the key role of phenolic compounds in antioxidant activity. Finally, the ethanolic extract obtained from C. officinalis under mentioned conditions can be introduced as a natural source of phenolic antioxidants for application in the food and nutraceutical industry as a natural preservative.

 

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At the present study the quality and the physicochemical properties of the honey from east Azarbaijan markets were evaluated. In this study, 15 honey samples from Ahar, Tabriz and Kaleibar were collected randomly. At first the samples were transferred to the laboratory and preparation for tests such as solids content, moisture, pH, specific gravity, acidity, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars (sucrose) and hydroxyl-methyl-furfural were performed. The results indicated that the moisture content for all samples are lower than world standards. Honey Samples from Ahar and Tabriz regions significantly had higher content of soluble solid compounds and specific gravity in compared to Kaleibar honey samples. The samples from Tabriz and Kaleibar significantly had high acidity and lower pH in compared to Ahar samples (P <0.05). Furthermore, all samples had desirable content of reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars (sucrose) and hydroxyl-methyl-furfural according to Codex and International Standards. The results of this study showed that the honey samples that were obtained from Tabriz, Kaleibar and Ahar regions have desirable quality characteristics according to national and international standards.